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MICRO JOURNN. 




WE DON'T PLAY GAMES 




x-i 




A SERIOUS COMPUTER 
IN A DESKTOP PACKAGE 



Multiprocessor Technology - Combination of 8,16 and 32 bit types 
1.0 Megabyte Memory- Insures no limitation on programs 
"Winchester" Disk System - Fast response, large storage capacity 
UniFlex Operating System -The standard of comparison 
Hardware Floating Point - Unmatched speed in a small system 
Up to Three Terminals - Instant expansion 



'Trademark »r Technical System* Consultants 




SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION 

219 W. RHAPSODY 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241 




Only Microware's OS-9 

Operating System Covers 

the Entire 68000 Spectrum 



MICROWARE'S OS-9 




ROM-BASED 
CONTROL 
SYSTEMS 



HOPPY DISK BASED 

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DISK-BASED 

INDUSTKiAL 

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SMALL SCALE 

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MEDIUM SCALE 
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SMALL SYSTEMS 



LARGE SYSTEMS 



Is complicated software and expensive hardware 
keeping you back from Unix? Look into OS-9. the 
operating system from Microware that Rives 08000 systems 
a Unix-style environment with much less overhead and 
complexify. 

OS-9 is versatile, inexpensive and delivers outstanding 
perfoimance on any size system. The OS-9 executive is 
much smaller and far more ef- 
ficient than Unix because it's 
written in tasi compact as- 
sembly language, making it 
ideal for critical real time ap- 
plications. OS-9 can run on 
a broad range of 8 to 32 bit 
systems based on the o8000 
or 0809 family MPUs tram 
ROM-based industrial cori- 

I era up to large multiuser 
systems. 

OS-9S OUTSTANDING 

C COMPILER IS 
YOUR BRIDGE TO UNIX 
Miaowaie's C compiler tech- 
nology is another OS -O advantage. The compiler produces 
extremely fast, compact, and ROMable code. You can easily 
develop and port system or application software back, and 
forth to standard t Inrx systems. Cross-compiler versions for 



Key OS-9 Features At A Glance 
Compact (16K) ROMable executive written in assembly 
language 

User "shell" and complete utility set written in C 
C-souice code level compatibility with Unix 
Full Multitasking/multiuser capabilities 
Modular design - extremely easy to adapt, modify, or 
expand 

Unix-type tree structuied file system 
Rugged "crash-proof file structure with record locking 
Works well with floppy disk or ROM-based systems 
Uses haidwaie or software memory management 
Higli performance C, Pascal, Basic and Cobol compilers 



VAX and PDP 1 1 make coordinated Untx/OS-9 software 
development a pleasure. 

SUPPORT FOR MODULAR SOFTWARE 
- AN OS-9 EXCLUSIVE 

Comprehensive support for modular software puts OS-9 
a generation ahead of other operating systems. 11 multiplies 
programmer productivity and memory efficiency. Applica- 
tion sottwarc can be built 
from Individually testable 
software modules including 
standard library" modules, 
The m lular structure lets 
you customize and recon- 
figure OS-9 for specific hard- 
ware easily and quickly 

A SYSTEM WITH 

A PROVEN 
TRACK RECORD 

Once an underground 
classic. OS 9 is now a solid 
hit. Since 1980 OS -9 has 
been ported to »vei a hun- 
dred 6809 and 68000 

systems under license to some or' the biggest names in the 

business, OS-9 has been imbedded in numerous consumer. 

industrial, and OEM products, and is supp orte d by many 

independent software suppliers. 



OS-9 



MICROWARE SYSTEMS CORPORATION 
1866 NW U4lh Street 
Des Moines, Iowa 50322 
Phone 515-224-1929 
Telex 910-520-2535 



Microware |.i|>,iu Ltd 
3-8-9 Baraki. Ichik.iwj City 
Chibd 272-01. Japan 
Phone 0473(28)4493 
Telex 299-3122 



J hjdOnwk nf Wttsmm jmi MutamlJ Um» n J trademark al Bell LiLh 



'68' Mteto Journal 




Portions of the text for 68 MICRO JOKNAL was prepared 
using the following furnished hard/software. 

Southwest Technical Products 

219 w. Rhapsody 

San Antonio. Texas 78216 

S09-5/8 DMF dlsk-COSl-8212W-Sprlnt 3 Printer 

GIMIX Inc. 

1337 West 37th Place 

Chicago, IL 60609 

Super Melnfreme-0S9-FLEX-Assorted Hardware 

EDITCRSHKM) PROCESSORS 

Technical Systems Consultants, Inc. 
Ill Providence Road 
Chapel HIM, NC 27514 
FLE X-E d 1 tor -Pr oces sor 

Great Plains Computer Company, Inc. 

PO Box 916 

Idaho Falls. ID 63401 

STYLO-MellVtarge 



Don Wl lliams Sr. 
Lorry E. Wl I I lams 
Ton E. WI1 I lams 
Robert (Bob) Nay 



Editorial Staff 

Publisher 
Executive Editor 
Production Editor 
Color Editor 



Administrative Staff 



Mary Robertson 
Penny Willi ams 
Michael Westfal I 
Christine Kocher 



Ron Anderson 
Norm Ccnmo 
Peter Dibble 
Dr. Theo Elbert 
William E. Fisher 
Or. E.M. Pass 



Office Manager 
Subscriptions 
Shlpplng/Rec. 
Accounting 

Contributing Editors 



Special Technical Projects 



Clay Abrams K6AEP 

Tom Hunt 



Vol. VI .Issue XI 



CONTENTS 



November 84 



FLEX USER Notes 8 Anderson 

0S9 USER Notes II Dibble 

C USER Notes 14 Pass 

66000 USER Notes IB Luc I do 

Single Board Computers 19 0MW 

Cobol 21 Anderson 

Data Systems 66 Product 23 Review 

Remote Analog to Digital Conv. 26 Craig 
6609 FLEX Diskette Inventory.. 26 Weaver 

LOG 32 Yssel 

General Purpose Interface Bus. 35 Hoore 

Bit Bucket 39 

Classifieds 52 



MICRO 



JOURfW 



Send All Correspondence To: 

Computer publishing Center 

68 MICRO JOURNAL 

5900 Cassandra Smith 

PO Box 649 

Hlxson, TN 37343 

Phone 615/842-4600 TELEX 558 414-PYT BTH 

Copyrighted 1984 by 

Coaputer Publishing Inc. (CPI) 

68' Micro Journal Is published 12 times a year by 

Computer Publishing Inc. Second Class Postage 

Paid ISSN 0194-5025 at Hlxson, Tenn. and 

additional entries. Postmaster: send Form 3579 to 

66' Micro Journal, P0 Box 649, Hlxson, Tennessee. 

SUBSCRIPTION RAT S 

USA 

1-Year 124.50 2-Years 142.50 J-Years 164.50 

FOREIGN 

See Page 60 

Items Submitted tor Publication 

Articles submitted for publication should be 
accompanied by the authors full noes, address, date and 
telephone number. It Is preferred that articles be 
submitted on either 5 or 6 Inch diskette in TSC Editor 
format or STYLO format. AM diskettes will be returned. 

The following TSC Text Processor commands ONLY should 
be used (due to our proportional processor): .sp space, 
.pp paragraph, ,fl fill and .nf no fill. Also please do 
not format within the text with multiple spaces. The 
rest we will enter at time of editing. 

STYLO commands are all acceptable except the ,pg page 
command, we print edited text files In contlnous text. 

All articles submitted on diskettes should be In TSC 
FLEX" format, either FLEX2 6800, or FLEX9 6609 any ver- 
sion. 

If articles are submitted on paper they should be on 
wh Ite 8X11 bond or better grade paper. No hand written 
articles (hand written or drawn art accepted). All 
paper submitted articles will be photo reproduced. 
This requires that they be typed or produced with a 
dark ribbon (no blue), single spaced and type font no 
smaller than 'elite' or 12 pitch. Typed text should be 
approximately 7 Inches wide (will be reduced to column 
width of 3 1/2 Inches). Please use a dark ribbon! 

All letters to the editor should also comply with the 
above and bear a signature. Letters of 'gripes' as well 
as 'praise' are solicited. We attempt to publish all 
letters to the editor verbatim, however, we reserve the 
right to reject any submission for lack of 'good taste*. 
We reserve the right to define what constitutes 'good 
taste". 

Advertising; Commercial advertisers please contact the 
66 Micro Journal advertising department for current 
rate sheet and requirements. 

Classified: All classified must be non-commercial. 
Maximum 20 words per classified ad. Those consisting of 
more than 20 words should be figured at .35 cents per 
word. 20 words or less $7.50 minimum, one time, paid In 
advance. No classified ads accepted by telephone. 



68' Ml era Journal 



GIMIX HAS THE 6809 SYSTEM TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS 



s. 
s 



HARDWARE 

All systems feature the GIMIX CLASSY CHASSIS: with a terro-resonant constant 
voltage power supply, gold plated bus connectors, and plenty of capacity for future 
expansion. 

Static RAM and double-density DMA floppy disk controllers are used exclusively in all 
systems. 

All systems are guaranteed for 2 MHz operation and include complete hardware and 
software documentation, necessary cables, filler plates, etc. 

Systems are assembled using burned-in and tested boards, and all disk drives are 
tested and aligned by GIMIX. 

You can add additional components to any system when ordering, or expand it in the 
future by adding RAM, I/O. etc. 

GIMIX lets you choose from a wide variety of options to customize your system to your 
needs. 



SOFTWARE 

All 0S-9/FLEX systems allow you to software select either operating system. 

Also included is the GMXBUG monitor and, in systems with 128K or more of RAM. 
GMX-VDISK for FLEX. 

All GIMIX OS-9 systems include Microware't Editor, Assembler, Debugger, Baslc09, 
and Runb: and the GMX versions of RMS and DO for OS-9. 

All GIMIX versions of OS-9 can read and white RS color computer format OS-9 disks, 
as well as the Microware/GIMIX standard format. 

New and exclusive with OS-9 GMX III systems is the GMX OS-9 Support ROM, a 
monitor for OS-9 that includes memory diagnostics and allows the system to boot directly 
from either hard disk or floppy. 

A wide variety of languages and other software is available for use with either OS-9 or 
FLEX. 



OS-9 GMX lll/FLEX SYSTEMS (979) 

The era super system now includes (In addition 10 the above): the GMX 
6809 CPU III. a 2S6K CMOS StaOc RAM Ban) (#72) and a 3-porl In- 
b*u«r* serial I/O (**•*•■ (#11). 

The GMX 6009 CPU III can perform high-speed 0MA transfers tram 
memory to memory and uses memory attrtulB and Weojl instruction trap- 
ping to protect the system and users from program crashes II a user pro- 
gram crashes, only that user is affected: other users are unaware of (he 
problem . 

The 3-Port Intelligent Serial I/O Board (#1 1) signfHcanOy reduces system 
overhead by handling routine I/O functions; freeing the host CPU for run- 
ning user programs. This improves overall system performance and allows 
user terminals to be run at up to 19.2K baud, 

with dual 40 track OSDDdfhres SS998.79 

with dual 80 track OSOOdrives 16198.79 

with HSduall 8" OSDOdrtve system S7698.79 

with #90 19MB Winchesler subsystem and one 80 back $8898 79 

with a 47MB Winchesler subsystem and one 80 track S10.B98.79 
with a 47MB plus a 6MB reri*aMe pack Winchester 

subsystem and one 80 track drive S12.398.79 



TO tJMCT BY KM,: SENO CHECK OR MONO ORDER OR USE YOUR VISA OR 
MASTER CHARGE. PtoaM allow 3 weeks tor personal {necks io dear US orders km 
SS rundlno K order a under MOO 00 forekjn orders add 110 handing it order Is 
under $200 00 foreign orders over $200 00 wet be shipped vu Emery Air Freight 
COUECT. and we WW charge no handing A» orders must be prepaid m J S, funds 
nets* noes mat lorttgn checio hex seen ta^ng abfwl 8 wseke for caOeOon so we 
would adVbe wiring iravy. or checks drawn on a bank account ki Hie U S Our bar* 
« mt Continental linos National Bank of CNcago. 231 S LaSKe Street, CNcago. IL 
60633. account 173-32033 

BUIC^ ana rc<9 are nrmrto of fA7>ro Systran^ and MOTOROLA, toe 
FLEX and UnFLEX an l r au e nieks of TectinEaf System! Consutarti . Inc 
GIMIX. GHOST. CMX, CLASSY CHASSIS, an trademarks of GIMIX. UK 



OS-9 GMX I / FLEX SYSTEMS 949 

The #49 systems include 64KB static RAM, »05 CPU. #43 2 port serial 
board, 

with dual 40 track OSOOdrives 13998.49 

with dual 80 track OSDO drives. .. $4196.49 

with 188 dual8" OSOOdnVe system $5698.49 

wl»«0l9MBWnef»sier subsystem and oneSO track $8896.49 

OS-9 GMX II / FLEX SYSTEMS 939 

The 139 systems include 128KB stetjc RAM. #05 CPU, #43 2 poll serial 
board. 

with dual 40 track 0S00 drives S4498.39 

with dual 80 track 0S00 drives $4698.39 

with 088 dual 8" OSDOdrtve system $6198.39 

with 190 19MB Winchester subsystem and one 80 track $7398.39 

GIMIX DOES NOT GUARANTEE PERFORMANCE OF ANY GIMIX SYSTEMS. 
BOAROS OR SOFTWARE WHEN USED MrTTrl OTHER MANUFACTURERS 
PRODUCT. 

EXPORT MODELS: ADO $30 FOR SOHi. POWER SUPPLIES. 

GIMIX. Inc. reserves the right to change pnong. terms, and products 
specifications at any time without further notice. 

All PRICES ARE F B. CHICAGO 

Contact GlMiX lor price and availability of uniREX and UnlFLEX GMXIII 
Systems 

NOTE on al drive systems: Dual 40 traek drives have about 700KB of for- 
matted capacity, dual 80s about 1.400KB: dual 8" about 2.000KB The 
tteirfltted capacity ot bard disks is about 80S of the total capacity 



Want to expand your system to a 
megabyte of Static RAM and 15 users? 

Simply add additional memory and I/O boards. Your GIMIX system can 
grow with your needs. Contact us for a complete list of available boards and 
options. 

•72 256KB CMOS STATIC RAM board 

with battery back up $1898.72 

164 64KB CMOS STATIC RAM board 

with battery back up JI28.64 

«7 64KB STATIC RAM board $478.67 

111 3 port intelligent serial I/O board $498.11 

M3 2poitsenall/0board $128.43 

142 2 port parallel I/O board ..... ,. $88.42 

895 cable sets ( 1 needed per port), specify board $24.95 



TRADE UP YOUR CoCo! 

GIMIX wHl allow you up to $1100 00 credit toward the purchase 
arj any GIMIX system when you bade- in your working Color Com- 
puter, peripherals', and original software The trade-in value is 
limited to 110H ol the RADIO SHACK 1 " kst price at the bme your 
order is placed You pay the freight This offer is good only in (he 
Continental U.S.. is limited to the first 100 orders; and empires on 
9/30/84. Only one trade-in per customer 



inc. 



Gimix 

1337 WEST 37th PLACE 
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609 
(312)927-5510 



TWX 910-221-4055 

61304 




<NC tw 



Get 
the 
most 

out 

of 

BASI 



The OFFICIAL BASIC09 TOUR 
GUIDE is skillfully written in a friend- 
ly and easy-to-read style. Just 
perfect for those new to computers 
and to BASIC09. It's also a valuable 
reference book for programmers, 
engineers, students and hobbyists, 
providing an in-depth look at 
BASIC09 plus an overview of the 
OS-9 operating system. Compre- 
hensive reference sections on 
BASIC09 and OS-9 commands are 
also included. 

The book "maps" out your route 
through the Mercedes of Basics . . . 
BASIC09 and puts you in the dnv- 
er's seat in no time. Fasten your 
seatbelt, sit back and enjoy the ride 
to perfecting your programming 
skills. 




MICROWARE . . . 

The OFFICIAL BASIC09 TOUR 
GUIDE comes from the people who 
wrote BASIC09. As the leader in 
6809 system software, we at 
MICROWARE care about our users 
and want to help you get the most 
from our products. 

It's Easy to Order. 

Phone orders are accepted from 
MasterCard or VISA cardholders or 
for COD shipment. You can also 
order by mail using the coupon 
below. Quantity discounts are 
available to educational organiza- 
tions and dealers. For further infor- 
mation contact Microware. 



Sptcinlisti in systtm software for 68-family microprousfors since 1977. 
OS 9 and BASICQ9 are trademarks of Microware and Motorola 



Microware Systems Corporation 
1866 NW 114tn Street 
Des Moines. Iowa 50322 
Telephone SIS/224-1929 
Telex 9IO-S20-2535 



.copies olthe 



Please send 

BeslcOe Tour Guide book at $18 95 
each Add S2.00 tor UPS shipping in 
ihe U.S. or S5.00 for overseas air maH 
per book. Iowa residents add 4% 
sales tax. 

Name 



Address 



Cily . 

State 



^Zip_ 



D I have enclosed a check 
O Charge to my bank card: 

MasterCard D VISA D 
Card Number 

E antral ion 



'68' Micro Journal 





FLEX ™ USER NOTES 

THE 6800-6809 BOOK 

By: Ronald W. Anderson 

As published in 68 MICRO JOURNAL'" 



The publishers of 68 MICRO JOURNAL are proud to announce the publication ot Ron Anderson's FLEX USER NOTES, in 
book form. This popular monthly column has been a regular feature in 68 MICRO JOURNAL SINCE 1979. It has earned the 
respect of thousands ot 68 MICRO JOURNAL readers over the years. In fact, Ron's column has been described as the 
Bible' for 68XX users, by some of the world's leading microprocessor professionals. Now all his columns are being 
published, in whole, as the most needed and popular 68XX book available. Over the years Ron's column has been one of 
the most popular in 68 MICRO JOURNAL. And of course 68 MICRO JOURNAL is the most popular 68XX magazine 
published. 

As a SPEC IAL BON US all the source listing in the book will be available on disk for the low price of: FLEX '" format only — 5" 
$12.95 — 8" $16.95 plus $2.50 shipping and handling, if ordered with the book. If ordered separately the price of the disks 
will be: 5" $17.95 — 8" $19.95 plus $2.50 shipping and handling. 

Listed below are a few of the TEXT files included in the book and on diskette. 

All TEXT files in the book are on the disks. 



LOGO.C1 

MEMOVE.C1 

DUMP.C1 

SUBTEST.C1 

TERMEM.C2 

M.C2 

PRINT.C3 

MODEMC2 

SCIPKG.C1 

U.C4 

PRINT.C4 

SET.C5 

SETBAS1.C5 



File load program to offset memory — ASM PIC 
Memory move program — ASM PIC 
Printer dump program — uses LOGO — ASM PIC 
Simulation of 6800 code to 6809. show differences — ASM 
Modem input to disk (or other pod input to disk) — ASM 
Output a file to modem (or another pott) — ASM 
Parallel (enhanced) printer driver — ASM 
TTL output to CRT and modem (or other port) — ASM 
Scientific math routines — PASCAL 
Mini-monitor, disk resident, many useful functions — ASM 
Parallel printer driver, without PFLAG — ASM 
Set printer modes — ASM 
Set printer modes — A-BASIC 
(And many more) 



•Over 30 TEXT files included in ASM (assembler) — PASCAL — PIC (position independent code) TSC BASIC-C. etc. 

NOTE: .C1..C2, etc. = Chapter 1, Chapter 2. etc. 

This will be a limited run and we cannot guarantee that supplies will last long. Order now for early delivery. 

Foreign Orders Add $4.50 S/H 
Soflcover — Large Format 

Book only: $7.95 + $2.50 S/f-T 

With disk: 5" $20.90 + $2.50 S/H v 

With disk: 8" $22.90 + $2.50 S/H V ' ■ 

See your local S50 dealer/bookstore or order direct from 

Computer Publishing Inc. 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hixson, TN 37343 

TELEX 558 414 PVT BTH (615) 842-4601 

"FLEX It a trademark ot Technical Systems Consultants 
'68' Micro Journal 





$4,325 

FOR A WORLD-CLASS 
SS-50 COMPUTER 

Smoke Signal's MAR/68™ gives you: 



Fabled Chieftain performance that led the 
pack in tough Benchmark surveys 

Integrated, easy-to-use software that covers 
your complete business needs 




• Proven reliability backed by our exclusive 
Endurance-Certification Program 

• Extremely good looks and unsurpassed 
operator comfort 



(2) Our Advance-Replacement program is yours for 
a low fixed charge. (3) You gel instant diagnostic 
service by telephone. It's free. (4) Normal repairs 
are handled with super speed. (5) Software and 
hardware support are part of doing business with 
Smoke Signal. 

TOTAL INTEGRATED SOFTWARE 
GIVES YOUR BUSINESS SOLUTIONS 
INSTEAD OF PROBLEMS 

Powerful business application programs are ingeni- 
ously interlinked to give even untrained operators a 
quick, smooth upper hand. The VAR/68 is a joy for 
first-time users, and an unprecedented productivity 
tool for anyone who wants new dimensions of control 
over critical business matters. 

This screen tells part of the story: 



$4,325: A PRICE CALCULATED TO GET YOU 

HOOKED ON THIS BLOCKBUSTER SS-50 

That price buys you a VAR/68 computet with multi- 
user, multi-tasking capabilities, and an ergonomically 
designed terminal. You get 128K RAM — expandable 
to 1mb Eight sertal ports, up to 16 if desired Two 
parallel ports — and more are available. Plus a long 
list of other impressive capabilities 

Smoke Signal's experience allows us to offer OS-9 and 
other UNIX-like, and multi-user operating systems 

The styling is completely new — fashioned for the 
utmost in operator comfort. And it's remarkably 
compact VAR/68 is a combination of great perfor- 
mance and good looks demanded by the office of 
today 

VAR/68 IS TOUGH, BUT SMOKE SIGNAL 
GIVES YOU EXTRA PROTECTION 

(1) Your new computer is Endurance-Certified before 
delivery. That's an exclusive quality-assurance process 
that guarantees perfect operations from day one. 




GET A BIG DISCOUNT ON YOUR 
INITIAL ORDER 

Most re-sellers can save up to 42 percent — even on 
small orders. Smoke Signal's price schedule is a 
powerful profit-maker for dealers ol almost every 
description. 

CALL SMOKE SIGNAL OR WRITE FOR 
MORE INFORMATION ON THE VAR/68 
COMPUTER FAMILY 






SMOKE SIGNAL 





FMHry^ Products and Support for VARs 

31336 Via Colinas • Westlake Village, CA 91362-3984 • (818) 889-9340 

68' Micro Journal 




THE 68000 FROM SMOKE SIGNAL! 



ADD 66000 AND UNIX™ * 
TO YOUR EXISTING SS-50 
COMPUTER AT PRICES 
50% TO 75% OFF LIST 

THANK YOU 

Sevan years ago. Smoke Signal was founded lo sell slale ol. Ins- 
ert computer products, by mall, 10 individual professional pro 
grammars and hardware engineers At lhal lime, most big 
companies did not believe In the power or lulure ol micro- 
computers lor serious compu ling applications. Only alter you, 
the Individual computer user, proved the viability ol the micro- 
computer was Smoke Signal able to sell systems tor business 
uses. However, as we progressed to become the leader in SS 50 
systems, we had to add the sales and technical support services 
demanded by these business customers — and our prices lor 
complete systems reflected Iheseadded costs 

Wilh the introduction ol our 68000 products, we wanted 10 find a 
way to say thanks to you, our original customers, the individual 
computer users, and still oiler complete sales and technical 
support to our business customers for complete systems We 
think thisolleraccomplishes both ol these goals. We are otter- 
ing you a choice ol upgrade kits that will bring any SS 50 
computer up to the electrical equivalent ol our complete 68000 
computer systems at prices lar below complete system prices 
In lad. the prices offered are 50% ormore oil our normally low 
pnces lor the components contained In the upgrade kits 

This special oiler is limited to one upgrade kit per customer and 
Is our way ol say mg thanks lo those ol you who had confidence 
in us Irom the beginning. 

THE UPGRADES 

The lollowing upgrade kits were designed so that any SS-SO 
system can be upgraded to 68O00AJ NIX 

SWTP UPGRADE 52,800.00 

Contains LMB-1A SS 50C Motherboard. DCB-4A floppy con- 
troller. PSA-t Wlnchesler/rape DM A interlace. SCB-88K 
68000 CPU. SER 2 dual serial board. 5Mb Winchester and 
controller, power supply, all cables, and REGULUS 

GIMIX UPGRADE $2,500.00 

Contains. Same as SWTP Upgrade except allows you to use 
your GIMIX motherboard, serial board and Winchester power 
supply 

Users ol standard SMOKE SIGNAL systems may choose one ol 

the following upgrade kils 

For SSB tloppy based systems: 

SS-FD UPGRADE 52,100.00 

Contains: SCB-68K68008 CPU. PSA I Winchester/Tape DMA 
interlace, 5Mb Wincheslerand controller, power supply, all 
cables, and REGULUS. 

For SSB Winchester based systems: 

SS-HD UPGRADE $500.00 

Contains: SCB-88K 68008 CPU and REGULUS 

COMPLETE SYSTEMS 

SMOKE SIGNAL Is also making available com plele VARHjBK™ 
systems al dramatic discounts This oiler Is only available 
through SMOKE SIGNAL dealers Contact SMOKE SIGNAL 
directly for Information about how lo order a complete VARroBK 
system 

RULES OF THE OFFER 

1) Limit, one upgrade system per customer. 

2) Prices valid through December 31. 1964 

3) Orders must be accompanied by lull payment in the form ol 
individual check or credit card authorisation. 

4) Support will Only be provided lor systems containing the 
following SMOKE SIGNAL boards: SCB 68K. DCB-4A, PSA-1, 
and a motherboard such as the LMB 1A with extended 
addressing and main terminal I/O al FF7E8. 

5) While we leel lhal most sialic RAM boards will work with 
these upgrades, we only guaranty compatibility wl Ih systems 
containing SMOKE SIGNAL static or dynamic R M 

VARMk It a trademark ot Smoke Signal 

REGULUS it * it-tttarad trademark ol AicyonCorpi;UNIX is a iigilUiM 
Ireoa mar* 01 8BirLalMr»lo<lai:OS» ana K9MK are trademark tor 
Mlcrowara: MACS6UO l» a trademark ol Motorola UK. 

"Regului the 08 offered U UNIX Compatible 

'68' Micro Journal 




PRODUCTS 

The heart ot all these upgrade kits is SMOKE SIGNAL'S new 
SC8-68K 8 MHr 68008 CPU Board This standard (5 Vi" x»"| 
board will replace a SCB49 CPU Board In any SMOKE SIGNAL 
computer with current revision boards This board contains a 
real time clock with battery back-up 2 EPROM slots lor up to 
84 K bytes of storage, a M ACSBUG •" type monitor along with an 
auto bool loader and a mnemonic disassembler, plus many more 
features. 

All upgrades also come standard with REGULUS™. a UNIX like 
operating system which Is totally compatible with UNIX REG- 
ULUS supports real-time tasks, shared memory, record locking 
and contains a shell similar to Ihe Berkeley C shell. Along with 
theoperaling system, you get C.aneditor. assembler, linking 
loader, interactive debugger end a word processor. 
SMOKE SIGNAL is also including In many of the kits the DCB-4A 
double density floppy controller which can handle up to lour 5" 
and four 8" floppies and contains IK of buffer RAM lor fast disk 
transfers, the PSA.1 Wine hesterfTape OM A interface board 
which has taps lor SASI and Priam disk Inlerfacesas well asa 
lap lor 90 ips lape streamers which are supported under both 
REGULUS and OS9™; either a M 2S6-X or M 512 X dynamic RAM 
board wilh over two years ot field proven reliability: and the LMB- 
1 A heavy duly motherboard wilh gold plated connectors, 
extended addressing and on-board baud rate generator with ten 
selectable baud rates 

SOFTWARE 

Software and Software Supporl Is available Only from Smoke 
Signal dealers Spread Sheet, Word-Processing. Relational 
Database, C, Basic end Cobol are all available now Additional 
system's software is bacomlng available every day because ol 
the UNIX compatibility. 

SMOKE SIGNAL dealers are also offenng Microware's 
OS9A38K™ lo purchasers ot these upgrade kits. SMOKE SIGNAL 
will oiler other Mlcrowara 88000 products as they become 
available. 



SUPPORT 



Even at these "lower than PC" prices, we're not going to leave 
you with "PC" type supporl We've arranged wilh one ol our veiy 
technically qualified dealers to provide you with add-on software 
and technical support In addition 1 answering your questions 
on how to convert your system to the 68000. he has a group ot his 
customers who are themselves computer experts who are loin- 
Ing in a network that will help with even the most technical 
questions We hope you will contribute yourldeas lo the network 
so that we all can banelil Irom new and fresh thinking. Complete 
details of the support available are Included with the upgrade 
systems. 

ORDER FORM 

Fill In your na/na. axtm and phone numbe* MW« Yew order will De snipped 
UP» to e n 1 de not u*> P O Boa Cue* items Semi oae nri en tarm Aos 
gnm lot aa xema tMacied C*. rwtaavm muii «*]•% nyMU Total in* 
amount lor your order and check payment meirtod below 



Name 

Address 

Ciry.SUM.Zip 



Peynwnl Enclosed Check 
VISA 
Mastercard 

Card • 

Exp Data 

Signature 



«10Q 

M 

3900 

•'-*■ 
9*6. 
BS . 
800 



. o SS-FD UPGRADE 

SSHDUPGAAOE 
SWTP UPGRADE 
- OQIMIX UPGRADE 
M 258X RAM 
M-912-X RAM 
SERJUO 
20Mb H RDWSK 
(instead olSMe) 

Sub Total 

CA resident* add 8% 

Total _ 

SEND COMPLETED OftDtR FORM TO: 

SMOKE SIGNAL 
JI1M Via Catenae, Weellaka Vtdxaje, CA 
•liar — 



Flex User Notes 



Ronald W. Anderson 
J540 Sturbrldge Court 
Ann Arbor, Ml 48)05 



Label It 

From time to time, some of you send me a bit of 
software on a disk. Recently, I've received a disk or two 
wltn NO LABEL. I give fair warning and notice here. A 
disk with no label In wtf scheme of things Is considered 
to be blank or at least ready to be reformatted. When I 
scrap a disk, I pull off the label and put It In the pile. 
When I need a dtsk, I find one without a label and format 
It. If you send me something and you really want me to 
look at It, LABEL It, and I don't mean by writing 
something In the quarter square Inch blank area of the 
disk manufacturer's label. While you are at labeling the 
disk, please Include complete Information about the disk. 
Generally It would be best to send software In single 
sided, single density (40 track I s OK) format. I can 
read that with no trouble. Any format that Is more 
dense. Is supplier dependent. That Is, a double density 
disk formatted with SWTPc versions of flex can't be read 
with Glmlx FLEX and vice versa. I recently received a 
disk with minimal label, and found out by reading the 
system Information record, that It had 80 Tracks of ten 
sectors each. That makes It single sided, single 
density, but 80 tracks. I can read the disk at worh, 
and copy It to another format, but It would be nice If 
the label would give me a clue as to the format! 

If you are like me, you run out of the disk labels 
supplied with a box of disks, long before the disks are 
"dedicated'' to some permanent files, or are worn out. A 
long time ago I Introduced another FLEX user to Avery 
removable labels, available In nearly any office supply 
store. Their type S-1648 are 1" by J" and are Ideal for 
labeling 5 1/4- disks- Their S-6424 are 1 1/2" by 4" and 
are Ideal for labeling 8" disks. The "removable" labels 
come In yellow boxes. They are easily removable for a 
year or Two, and come off with a little greater difficulty 
after that. The non-removable ones come In blue boxes, 
and are removable only with solvent, even Immediately 
after application. If you re-use disks as I do. you will 
want the removable kind. They won't fall off, but they 
can be peeled. Incidentally, stubborn sticky old labels 
can be removed with some care, by applying a small amount 
of paint THINNER (NOT PAINT REMOVER) to the label and 
letting the adhesive soften. After peeling the paper 
away, a little paint thinner on a paper towel will remove 
the remaining adhesive. Be careful not to allow the 
thinner to flow Into the disk jacket. I hesitate to 
mention that lighter fluid (napthal will work even better. 
I use It safely because I don't smoke. If you do use It 
BE CAREFUL. 

History 

A couple of days ago I received a copy of a review by 
Don Williams of the book Tire In the Valley", a history of 
the microcomputer Industry, and a very Inaccurate one 
according to Don. It seems that the authors of this 
book had gotten all fired up over the early 8080 and Z-80 
machines, and nearly forgot that those other processors 
existed at all. In facr. Southwest Technical Products 
Corp., was the very first microcomputer company, and 
ffl *j, unlike many of the original S-100 suppliers, are 
still around. Don's review should have appeared by now, 
so I won't repeat what he said. You can look It up for 
yourself. 

Don mentioned names of several people who were 
Instrumental In the early days of 6BXX computers, both In 
the hardware and software areas. I'd like to expand a 
little on the software end of things. Those of us who 
started early on this bus will remember Bob Ulterwyk as 
the author of a very good BASIC Interpreter (which cost 
$15 In the cassette version, from SWTPc). I'd like to 
think a little about some of the other names In the 
software area, folks who contributed to the wealth of 
software that we have, and some who are .now 
contributing. 

Don didn't mention the late Ed Smith, who was active In 
the area of assemblers. Ed had a relocatable assembler 
available, and If I remember correctly, also a 
disassembler that he called a "Source Generator". Don 
did mention Technical Systems Consultants. I remember 
their early ads In Kilobaud Microcomputing durTng ttj 
first vear. TSC was selling games In 6502 ondNiOO 



assembler code. Soon after that, the/ had an assembler, 
EDIT and PR, a rather complete text processor, (all on 
cassette Initially)- Later when I added a pair of disk 
drives, the operating system was a thing called FD0S by 
Bob Ulterwyk again. When FLEX2 came a»ng, of course 
TSC modified what they then had available so that It 
would work from and to disk. Tom Crosley was responsible 
for a very nice 6800 language called SPL/M, and iUe ever 
elusive PIE text editor (still not ever distributed by 
anyone for 68 and 6809). 

It was not until about the time of the coming of the 
6809 that software really "took off", however. At about 
that point a compaiiy called Lucldata came on the scene 
with what I called at the time "The first non-toy c °mp1ier 
for the 6800. I suppose some folks would argue with me 
that both Strubalt by Jack Hemenwny and Bob Brapel, and 
•Software Dynamics BASIC compiler by Ira Baxter, 
predated Lucldata Pascal, and I would have to yield to 
the point that they were earlier. Lucldata Pascal was 
written by Nigel Bennee and Dave Glbby with able help from 
E lleen Bennee. It was followed shortly by a 6809 version. 
and Lucldata Is still alive and well In England. "Eds 
Note: Software Dynamics and Ira Baxter are also still 
around, I hear from Ira every now and then. DMW 

Just about that time, the software started appearing 
more rapidly. Stylograph by Bob Bund/ appeared (Bob has 
sold the rights to Stylograph to Great Plains Computers 
since then). Tom Crosley sent me a copy of PIE for 
evaluation, with Intentions of marketing It for the 6BXX 
community. In fact. If you have ell the Issues of *68' 
Micro Journal, you will find reviews of PIE by myself and 
another 68XX enthusiast named Randy Lewis. 

At about that point, there was a sudden Increase In 
the aval lability of sta dard languages. Omegasoft Pascal 
by Bob Relmlller appeared, and the company with which I 
was associated at the time, bought a copy and used It 
for a large software project. Some of the early T" 
compilers began to appear at that time also, some of 
wh Ich have apparently disappeared from the marketplace. 
Currently, we have the efforts of James McCosh In his 
various versions of a "C" collier for FLEX, Unlflex, and 
OS-9. I'll have to plead lack of knowledge of programmers 
names on some of these, but we have the Introl "C" 
compiler, Compusense Crunch Co bo I, the very new K-BASIC 
compl ler by Frank Hoffman, and of course PL/9 by Graham 
Tror . 

I should mention that Frank Hoffman has written a very 
nice line of cross assemblers that run on the 6809, to 
produce code for nearly all the other 8 bit processors 
and some of the 16 bit, at least the 68000 at this point. 
Who have I left out? Well, there's Al Jost of DynaSoft, 
who wrote DynaSoft Pascal, Dyne-C, DynaStar editor, and 
DynaForm text processor. Then there's Phil Lucldo who 
was responsible for Dynamite, the disassembler, and of 
course Bud Pass with his Super Sleuth, Tabula Rasa, and 
a number of other software Items. 

Oh, end there are the Implementations of forth for 
the 68XX by Ray Talbot, and the slight variation X-FORTH 
by Chuck Eakers. How about John Alford's Scredltor III 
also. Let's see. I have to mention Peter Stark, (Star 
Kits) who had the first spelling checker for our systems. 
His other products Include HUMBUG, the monitor, and 
STARD0S, a disk operating system that Is pretty much 
like FLEX. Speaking of spelling checkers reminds me that 
Dale Puckett has contributed to our software too with 
his spelling checker, a neat program that tested the 
"level of engllsh text, and some other goodies. Almost 
forcct Dan Farnsworth who wrote SPEl.LB and Is presently 
working on several other products. 

I hope I haven't left too many people out. 
Unfortunately, I haven't gotten acquainted with all the 

?eople at the companies that are larger. I can't name 
he people at TSC (other than Dave Shirk and Dan Vanada) 
but I should mention that In addition to FLEX and their 
early EDIT, PR, and 68 assembler, they were responsible 
for Extended BASIC, DEBUG, a Sort Merge pacing*, a 
Pascal, two 6809 assemblers, and a nursber of other 
software products. 

At Mlcrowere, I can only name Ken Kaplan. Of course 
you all know that Mlcroware wrote the OS-9 operating 
system and BASIC09. They are also responsible for some 
Other software that we have used from time to time such 
as A/BASIC. I knew some of the folks at Great Plains 
about the time that they started, but we have lost 
touch. 

Well, that's enough of that. Do you get the Idea that 
a lot of people have been Involved with these 68XX 
svstems? I agree with Don that some of them should have 



'68' Micro Journal 



deserved mention In the history of the microcomputer 
Industry, along with the hardware suppliers, SwTPc, 
Smoke Signal, and GIMIX. 

I'm with you Don, regarding the longevity of our SS50 
svs + ems- I Just bought e used one that was 6 months 
older than my personal one, having been purchased In the 
Fall of 1976 from SWTPc. It has been upgraded and 
modernized over the years, and all it needs Is a DMA disk 
controller end a pair of 8" drives to make It a very 
capable development system, the equal of mine end the 
more modern SWTPc system we have at The comperr/ (bought 
used also). Actual)/ It won't be used that way, however, 
I have added the drives end disk controller to a 
develo ment system at work so we can store customer 
software for each machine that we deliver, on e 5 Inch 
disk (one disk for each machine), the remainder of the 
system will have a newer disk controller end e pair of 
double sided drives added to It to make another system. 

With the addition of e 256K Computer Excellence memory 
boerd to my personal system, I have Just upgraded to 2 
MHz operation AND added the capability of 752 sectors of 
Virtue! Disk es well. These two upgrades make the chore 
of compiling programs much more pleasant. I cen 

?pnt>r/illy put the compiler on Virtual Disk end decrease 
he compile time by about half over the 8" disk drives- 
The speed change also makes a significant difference In 
the compile time. The company for whlclt I work "Vest of 
the time" has put probably 150 6809 stand alone computer 
systems Into the Industrial applications market In the 
past couple of yeers. We went SS-50 bus because of the 
evalleblllty of off-the-shelf cards for our initial 
development of herdwere. Though we have since designed 
our own hardware cards (alter we figured out whet we 
needed), we are still on the SS-50 bus, which has several 
advantages for us. First of all, we can plug any of our 
cards Into the SS-50 development system for testing end 
debugging. Second, If we need something we don't have, 
we can generally buy it on the SS-50 bus. 

I think I've probably said more than enough In defense 
of the SS-50 bus* Don, I couldn't agree more, that we 
who use this bus end the 68XX processor ere doing 
significant things with our systems and hardware. 

Peter Stark Comes to Ann Arbor 

No kidding, one dey last week I received a cell frcm 
Peter Indicating that he end his family were about 35 
miles from here, and that they were going to camp for e 
few days just ebout 10 miles from our house. After a 
couple of false starts due to some car problems that the 
Starks had, we managed to get together for en hour's 
chet. and we got our femltles together for e Seturday 
evening. I've talked to Peter a number of times on the 
phone, end we have corresponded for several years with 
reference to softwere- It was very nice to meet Peter 
end h Is family. I hope they had no further car problems 
on the remainder of their vacation trip. Keep In touch, 
Peter. 

Personal Note 

If Don will permit me a couple lines here, I have lost 
touch with the world's greatest microcomputer salesmen, 
who, lest I heard, now works directly for Motorola 
somewhere In the Detroit eree. If any of you know where 
I can get in touch with Jack Halllwefl, pleese send me e 
note with the Informetlon, or If by chance Jack, you still 
reed my column, pleese get In touch with me et Hlnes 
Industries In Ann Arbor. 



Response 

In the Aug/Sept Issue of '68' Larry Williams printed a 
letter from e reader, which for good reeson wes 
anonymous. I'd like to comment on that letter here. 
First of ell, 1 heve neither any association with Radio 
Shack not' eny reason to like or dislike them strongly, so 
1 think I cen be reasonably neutral In this discussion. 

First, I think the writer's premise was all wrong. No 
wonder everything went poorly. I quote "I owned e 
computer from SWTPC which Included duel disk drives end 
the FLEX operating system. Needing a better version of 
e 6809 based computer I bought a Radio Shack 64K Color 
Computer." Now who but someone who expected something 
for nothing could expect a $200 Color Computer to be en 
upgrade from a "component system". The writer missed 
the whole point of component systems- Regardless of the 
state of his system, I wouta have gladly bought a Color 
Computer and traded him even for whet he hadl Let me 
explain further- 

I bought my original SWTPC system with 2 4K memory 



boerds a "C" Interface end e 6600 processor. I also 
bought a cassette Interface and their CT-1024 terminal 
kit. That was the stert. Since then the upgrede 
process hes continued for 8 years. I added a pair of 
disk drives a year later. I bought a few 8K memory 
boards, end added e couple of 16K to round out 56K of 
memory when I bought a pair of 8" drives, a power supply 
and a 0HAF disk controller board* SWIPc continues to 
this day to release hardware modification Instructions 
for upgrades. The 6809 pr essor board wes Installed 
with half en hour's worth of simple modifications to that 
old mother board. I Just a ouple weeks ago replaced ny 
memory boards with a 256K dynamic board from Computer 
Excellence. That eneb d me to upgrade the system to 2 
MHz operation, since 1 had the 2 MHz MP -09 board but 
was limited by a 32K dynamic RAM board to 1 MHz operation 
previously. 



You might esk how much of the original computer I still 
have, and how much It hes ell cost In the long run. Of 
course ell thet Is left of the original Is the box and 
mother board- Have you checked the Ad's for boxes end 
mother boerds? They currently cost more then a Color 
Computer! The point Is not how much I have spent, but 
what I have been able to save over a long period by not 
having to throw the whole system away and buy a bigger 
one every couple of years. I don't think my Investment 
per year hes been ell that much. The point is thet with 
a Color Computer you have e device with very limited 
expansion capability. (I know, there are 60 column 
display boerds, lower cese boards, and even bus 
expansion systems that ellow you to edfl on ad nauseum, 
but you still heve the original system with some fixed 
built In limitations. 

The original SWTPc system had a parallel port 

arogremmecf es a serial Interface, more or less like the 
oCo has now. it was limited to 1200 beud maximum, which 
seemed fest et the time, but Is Intolerable with a screen 
editor. SWTPc recognized the limitations about the time 
FLEX2 for the 680TJ appeered. and Indicated that FLEX 
wouldn't run with the old "C* Interface but that e true 
serial Interface was required. Cost of that Interface 
wes, I believe, $40. Problem solved. Now the user could 
heve Interrupt Input handling and e screen editor could 
go about busily updating the whole screen and never miss 
a character being Input by a 100 WPH typist. I don't 
type that fast, but I think I hit or exceed that speed in 
bursts now end then. 

The CoCo hes a parallel port similar to the old SWTPc 
arrangement. You can't chenge It except to buy one of 
the bus expender boxes for more then the cost of the 
CoCo, end then you still have to buy the serial Interface 
for Itl I have e CoCo. I really gave It a try for soma 
serious use. I can't edit on it with my external 
terminal, beceuse It misses characters. Anyone used to 
an 80 column terminal will NEVER be happy with 32 or 40 or 
51 for any SERIOUS use. 

I'm going to get my two cents in here about operating 
systems too. 05-9 Is e very good one. On a system with 
four terminals and e herd disk, It is right at home, 
looking very much like UNIX. Putting It In a CoCo Is like 
putting e "000 HP let engine on e rowboetl 0S-9 has a 
"software clock". Due to the CoCo using Interrupts for 
Its dl sk accesses, the time update ceases whenever you 
access the disk. The clock loses time quickly. You have 
"multi-tasking" so you cen attach e reel termlnel to the 
serlel port. Beceuse of the port actually being e 
progremmed parallel port, you cen only run the externel 
terminal at 300 baud. Any fester rate will cause missed 
cheracters, because you can't shut off the other tesks 
even If you only went to run the single external terminal. 
The clock Interrupts keep coming and the system keeps 
looking et the CoCo keyboard as well. That shoots down 
using a stenderd terminal with the CoCo end S-9. Let 
me again emphasize that the problem Is not with 0S-9 but 
Is elwHt in limitation of the CoCo - 

You've probably heard about the programmed serial 
port vs the "true" serlel port before. Maybe I cen 
explain what the problem Is. The programmed serlel port 
inputs e cherecter by welting for a "stort pulse" from 
the external serlel date source. When this Is received, 
the progrem enters what Is called a timing loop to wait 
for The next serlel bit to errlve. it samples thet bit 
and egaln welts, etc. until It hes one character stored. 
If the processor Is doing anything but running the Input 
charr J 
when 

of sync" i 

"true" serlel port contains the hardware necessary to 
detect the start bit and capture and store e whole 



rne processor is doing anything dut running the Input 
iracter program (that Is, waiting for e ttart pulse) 
in you type e key on e serlel termlnel, It will be "out 
Sync" and miss the key or interpret It incorrectly. A 



'68' Micro Journal 



e 



character without any help from the processor. 
Further, It transfers the character to a "receive 
buffer" and can actually begin to accept a second 
character before the processor has to do ariythlng. 
When the character Is transferred to the receive 
buffer. It sets a "flag" In a control register to Indicate 
"receive buffer fuln. In operation with OS-9 It also 
signals the IRQ Interrupt line. The processor Mill then 
stop and read the character. Even without the 
Interrupt feature. If the program that Is being run 
checks for the RBr flag faster Than the user can input 
characters, none are missed. 

Now to get back to the main point, I'm NOT saying the 
CoCo Is a toy or a useless pile of junk. You can't begin 
to put together a SS-50 system for Its price. If you 
want to find out whether you will take to computing like 
a duck to water (as I did) without Investing 15000, by all 
means get one- It can grow with you to the extent of 
adding disk drives, FLEX, OS-9 (If you like) a printer, an 
80 column display board (via a monitor) and a lot of other 
things. If you really get serious about computing, you 
WILL outgrow the CoCo. If you don't get serious about 
computing, you are not out a fortune, and you can 

robobly sell what you have to someone else, or as Lane 
_ ester suggested In his letter In the same issue of '68' 
use It for a doorstop. (Or buy some game software and 
use It to entertain the family and guests.) 

With a CoCo, If you are wllllngto put up with the 
display format, you can run BASIC, PASCAL, "C". PL/9 and 
several other languages. You can certalnry learn to 
program with It. 

With a SS-50 system, you have an "Infinitely 
expandable" system that can be upgraded per Tactically 
without starting ewer again from scratch each time. Will 
I hove a hard disk on my system some dey7 I think that Is 
Inevitable. Will I have a 68000 processor In 1+7 That Is 
most likely to happen too. If someone Is kind enough to 
provide a usable operating system that Is, or can be 
made compatible with the hardware. SwtPc has not let me 
down so far. All the upgrades have been possible with 
minimal foil cuts and jumpers. What Is really Inevitable 
In the area of microcomputers Is progress. SWTPc 
couldn't possibly have envisioned ttv» availability of a 
256K memory board back In 1976 when they built their 
first machines, but It was little trick to get It to run 
In that old box with the original mother board In Itl 

The letter that started all this contained a complaint 
that technical Information Is not available from Radio 
Shack. I can't dispute that fact, and It Is really too 
bad, because a fair percentage of those buying the CoCo 
are well able to adjd to It and make It more suitable for 
their needs given sufficient Information. SWTPc has 
ALWAYS from day 1 provided COMPLETE documentation. 
That Includes parts lists and schematics of EVERYTHING 
In the system... The earlier documentation even 
Included the source listing of the monitor software. 
Though the latest S8UG-E source has not been officially 
released, there are many copies of well commented 
listings floating around among the users. 

If there Is any reason for criticism of SWTPc and TSC 
who are responsible for FLEX, It might be that they gave 
out too much Information. FLEX Is understandable, and 
TSC documented disk formats and file formats to the 
extent that It Is virtually impossible for anyone to "copy 
protect" a disk that contains software that runs under 
FLEX. A knowledgeable FLEX user can "break" the 
protection scheme In short order. (I know, I've done It 
myself on a couple occasions In which suppliers hove 
tried to protect some things, eg. FHL's PUTBOOT In their 
CoCo FLEX.) 

On the other hand, the relative "transparency" of FLEX 
doesn't get In the way of programmers writing 
application software, and that, I believe, Is why so much 
software exists for this small sector of the oomputer 
I ndustry. 

As usual, IVe gotten too wordy and overrun my target 
size for this column. See you next month. 

Editor's Mote: The text of my 'review' of Fire in the 
VXiny Is appended hereto. It Is strictly MY opinion, and 
I stand by it. So far I heve received about 30 or 40 
replies to a short mailing I did to advertisers and 
others I thought might me Interested. All but one 
agreed. The lone dissenter felt that although the book 
was Indeed biased, misleading and full of whole and half 
truths. It would be better off to not e acerbate the 
situation. Also that I was also biased In my opinion. 
That Is where the difference Is - I tetiyow, so - they 
■mr dot 



I guess there Is merit to such argument, however. In 
this case the widespread circulation of this book, from 
a publisher who In the past has enjoyed a fairly decent 
reputation, makes It all the worse. To us they will 
always be suspect hereafter. The errors and omissions 
appear more deliberate than accident. A continuing 
example of what the S50 bus crowd has endured from 
other publication sources. For many of us who depend on 
the £50 Bus group, for a living, and personally know or 
knew many who were Ignored, It Is an affront. Worse 
even than some of the rudeness and arrogance I have 
experienced over this since- 

We have a few who were given their start and have 
been accepted by YOU the S50 Bus users, your support 
and SSttSfSI's as well. Now other pastures look 
greener, soon they will wander as other have before. I 
wish them well; I sincerely desire that they will make It, 
better so than some of the others who went. The 
expansion and expense of doing business 'away from home' 
Is far greater than most ever Imagined In their wildest 
scheming. 

We have tolerated far more that those others will. 
We require no 'national' service, we still ship bad 
product back to 'the factory'. We are still willing to 
wait a few weeks while you gat around to our stuff. Oh, 
I know some of the others didn't like It, but who cares, 
they are no longer with us, they too are 'over there'. 
We heve accepted zO to 50 version of your software, while 
you worked on the 'bug' between other new projects. We 
paid our good money for the boards with kludges, patches 
and wire Jumped all over the place. Some of them you 
never did fix, and never will, but we endured. We heve 
become a group of 'work-arounders'l We are very unique 
I n that we can actually fix It sometimes when you can't - 
or won'tl Try that on those guys 'over there'. 

All of which makes us the more thankful for the 
faithful who stick by us, help us with support and 
product up-grade, answer our questions without snide 
remarks as to our mental state, and all the other 
attention given our Inquiry, even If we don't know quite 
as much about It as you dot We may not be the largest 
market you could service but we appreciate and support. 
Walt till they get 'over there'. You and I will sftl be 
around after some are devoured 'over there'. A pityt 

Stupid as It sounds they even Insist on manuals you 
can read, they don't like dot matrix, especially If It has 
penciled In changes, slashes through, etc. They want 



type setting, cartoons or at least some type 
Illustrations, they want hard binding, not tooseleef. Not 
that It Is better, but that is what the new competition 



Is doing. A lot of floss and flurry. Why we even support, 
(over 801 of us) a magazine That Is photocopy and 
computer generated. Bet they wouldn't, thet Is unless 
It had what we (or they) wanted and was not getting 
elsewhere. 

And marketing cost - Man! - most of the smaller 
entries need hundreds of thousands of dollars Just to 
get Into the fray. That was with like 6 or better zerosl 
No more black and white under thousand buck (and for 
some much less) per page of advertising. Not only that 
but which of the multitude of magazine do you advertise 
after going 'over there'. Of course you could tiy It as 



several have and not advertise - but then hunger gnaws 
deep, and by that time It really won't matter, the hole Is 
dug by then - Just a matter of time. And If you attempt 
to 'match' the better known and more popular guys 
(notice I did not say better (quell ty wfse)) You had 



to 'match' the better known and more popular guys 
(notice I did not say better (quell ty wfse)) You had 
better have a direct line Into the US Hint, or be willing 



to take on 'venture money' to the extent that you wake 
up some day and find you don't heve an office to goto 
anymore. Those guys Insure their best interest. And 
after all what heve you got - other than a good (I would 
hope) product? The old mouse trap saying gets more true 
each passing day, In this business. 

I guess there Is a lot more I could say, but I trust 
that I have made my point. I wish all of you well, I 
sincerely do, but I also heve an obligation to thousands 
of readers, who paid me good money, mostly hard earned, 
to keep them Informed of stuff to buy and information on 
how to use It and fix It If necessary. And that Includes 
letting them know If you Intend to leave the ole bus. And 
are or are not going to be expected to continue to 
support what you took our money for. 

Why? Simple, If you are not going to be around to 
support, fix and maintain to current standards, then we 
want to know. After all we all heve too many dearly paid 
for products that, like war orphans, have bean 
abandoned. If y ou sell I + to me and there Is absolutely, I 
■■an ABSOLUTELY nothing wrong with It, and It will never 
need fixing, well then I guess the above won't apply to 
you. Else I em concernedl 

If we are Just a short term, stepping stone then let 
us know. There are plenty of others willing to stand 
behind and support their product. And I for one am 
tired of being considered second-rate. We sure were 
not second-rate when you started up back then, and you 



10 



'68' Micro Journal 



sure never let me know when you took my SSSSS's, but at 
least you owe me that. And we oil want to know* 
Surprising how many of us Intent to stlc around! 

OMM 



If, after reading "Fire in the Valley*, you believe It, 
then I guess you also believe that most micros were 
designed over coffee and pie. Betcha It's In sequel two. 



-30- 



OMW 



A Short 'Book' Review! 



Reference: FIRE IN THE VALLEY, a biased. Inaccurate ego- 
trip of the beginning of the microcomputer Industry, and 
the folks who were Involved. Not all truth and not all 
wrong - something I would call "Vaporware". 

Recently I received another computer book. Tre in 
The Valley", by Paul Freiherger and Michael S cine, 

Sublished by Osborne/McGrew-HIII, Berkley, California, 
tth the exception of a few references to some of our 
early pioneers, both Individually and as viable 
microcomputer manufacturers, the reader Is left with 
the Impression that the S50 Bus, 68XX segment didn't 
make It. This Is at the least gross stupidity on the 
part of the authors and publisher, and indicates the 
attitudes of III Informed (and liking It that way) others 
who have apparently spent all these years, like that long 
legged Australian bird, with their heads down and their 
butts waving. 

1 cannot disagree with their recital of those 
Instances concerning the computer from the days of 
Bobboqe to the birth of the IBM PC". Who really knows It 
all? But I do take a strong position concerning their 
views of the birth of the microcomputer era! They 
grossly err by oMlsslonl To say they ere In total error 
as concerns those they DID mention, would be 
presumptuous on fny part, however. It appears that some 
egos were massaged while the pen toyed unmercifully with 
others. To Ignore a small '(however, not In the 
beginning) but absolutely vital and valuable part of the 
activity revolving around the birth-pongs of 
microcomputers, as we know them today. Is at Best, 
poorly researched Journalism In this particular 
publication! The S50 Bus and 68XX crowd contributed a 
significant por+lon of the creativity of those days, and 
extend even to today. They should have been 
acknowledged throughout the warp and weave of tt»ls 
bock, to the degree they contributed 

They made slight mention of the worlds oldest existing 
Istlll in business) alerocoaouter manufacturer. 
Southwest Technical Products Corp of San Antonio. 

Texas. That certainly rated mention, but didn't! GIMIX 
Is not even listed I n the Index, nor Is SSB, Perec* or 
■any of the others. stIH going strong. How about their 
early efforts? Maybe It Is because many of those 
responsible for this pile of mls-lnformat Ion were 
Involved, to some degree or another. In the demise of 
some or most of the other early day microcomputer 
manufacturers, due to their Ineptness and/or stupidity 
and cannot bear to believe that the S50 Bus DID survive 
and Is going strong! Need I mention Altolr, IMSAI, SOL, 
The Digital Group, Pokmorphics, Vector Graphic and many 
others. All of which had many of these 'now' experts, as 
directive or development personnel! What a pity, I 
though better of McGraw-Hill. Oh, by the way, look at 
their failures and look at ours, some difference - I 
should think It would at least rate one or more pages 
out of 2821 

To the best I can find out, not one of the authors, 
editors, the publisher, etc., contacted anyone directly 
connected with those who have some knowledge of the S50 
Bus and 6BXX computers, and there are MANY. What was 
written about us was apparently penned by one of the 
S100 (failure) crowd. 

It was actually ALL of us, the SIOO the kits, the 
bare boards, the S50, the Jobs, Meyers, Woznlaks, Dons, 
Shirks, Gates, Mauches, Kaplans, Ulterwvks, Hammonds, 
and all the others (my apofogles to those I left out). To 
read this mess one Is left to believe that the S50 Bus 
(68XX) never MADE IT. What we did was that we made 
better microcomputers then, and still do! Not to 
mention the superior software we have always had, FLEX", 
0S9" STRUBAL , D0S68/69", etc There are more S50 Bus 
68XX microcomputers In heavy Industrial, scientific and 
government high level operations than ALL the original 
§100 Bus systems. How many 7 or 8 year old S100 systems 
are still running? Not many. It was a BUST1 (Talk about 
noise. > Most S5D Bus machines are still grinding elongll 
Don't believe me. well, come to our office and I can prove 
It from our files. We (S50 - 68XX) never made It big for 
several reasons, bet wet Bade It, reYe StIH herel where 
Is the original SlOO bus? Only the blowhards leftl 



•Editors Note: At the time this Industry was starting, 
1975-1978, more or less, the S50 and 6800 group 
accounted for over 451 of microcomputers. This Included 
SWTPC, GIMIX, SSB, Sphere, Wavemate, and a few lesser 
know others. Also some manufacturers such as MITS 
CAItair) and 0SI were doing both 6800 and 8080 systems. 

All of this was for tfie most part the results of the 
efforts of many Individuals, during all this time Motorola 
seemed to make less effort on behalf of the 6800 than any 
of the other competing manufacturers. It seems their 
marketing vision was a few years lagging, always. It was 
and Is a shame for even those who made microcomputers 
with the 'other' chips, notably the 8008, 8080 and Z80 
acknowledged that the 6800 was the better 
microprocessor. Anorher reason was the financial 'taps' 
some journalist had with some 8080 microprocessor 
manufactures, it was always difficult to get articles 

?ubllshed In some computer magazines of the day. That 
s WHY and the ONLY reason 68 Micro Jornal started up! 
The 6800 had the power but not the support. So, you 
see why ! am so hot on 'support*. 

I don't Intend to keep kicking a dead horse, as the 
saying goes. As for me It really does not matter, but It 
Is a crock for those I actually know should hove been 
Included and got the 'stick'! 

DMW 



OS9 USER NOTES 

by Peter Dibble 

{•XX5-9 Doers Moteo" Columnist; 

'68' Micro Journal) 

More Gaines with Directories 

Last month I discussed reading from directory f I les. 
This month I'll stay with directories and add some 
additional tricks. 

The directory formatting command at the end of 
this column Is a useful version of the DIR command. 
It doesn't Illustrate any Ideas that weren't 
covered In last column, but It Is a single program 
that Is faster to use than the pipeline of programs 
I presented last month. 

I have found that C Is a good language to write 
quick system level programs. Of course, assembly 
language still has some advantages over any 
high-level language; not least that almost everyone 
with 0S-9 has an assembler. A functional directory 
command In assembler would be Just too long for one 
month's column, and not Interesting enough to devote 
several months to. So the first program for this 
column Is an Integrated directory formatting 
command. It Is written In C. It could be 

translated to Baslc09 without too much trouble, but 
that would require loading Baslc09 every time you 
want to list a directory. Sorry, people without C. 



Radio Shack Is selling Mlcroware C at an 
Impressively low price. It Is a good Investment. 

Think of dr as a good starting point. It Is 
easy to get It to sort Its output. Adding the 
ability to select only files that meet certain 
criteria for display Is harder but useful enough to 
be worth the effort. Working this up Into a- 
f ul l-screon command environment Is sometttlcfg. I 've 
been premising myself time to do .... but I haven't 
yet. 



'68' Mtwo Journal 



11 



You can write directories as well as read them. 
There ore good reasons to do this. Renaming files 
Is one reason. The rename command simply writes a 
new name over the old one In. the directory. 
Deleting and creating files are other reasons to 
write Into directory files, but RBFMan takes care of 
those operations. Most other things you would want 
to change about a file Involve writing Into the file 
descriptor sector for the file. That's Just as easy 
as writing the directory- Easier. 

There Is an easy way to make C read a directory 
file, but there Is no equivalent method for updating 
directory files- The combination of attributes 
required to write Into a directory can be used from 
assent) ler, or from the lower level parts of C, but 
It seems Mlcroware wanted to make It a bit tricky to 
mess with directories. Before I continue let me add 
to their Implicit warning. If you are not brave and 
experienced don't even think of updating a directory 
f I lei 

Writing on directory files Is a dangerous thing 
to do- If you make a mistake you can loose files, 
or even mess up the structure of the entire disk. 
DON'T Jump In and try programs that write to the 
directory on an Important disk. 

After making certain that your program doesn't 
damage the directory under normal circumstances, 
think about extraordinary situations. How does the 
program behave If the system crashes right In the 
middle of the change? Can trouble start If two 
programs try to make a change at the same time? 
What wl I I a program reading the directory while you 
make your change see? 

Another area where you can get In trouble and 
discover Interesting new possibilities hidden In the 
OS-9 file structure Is the possibility for having 
several directory entries pointing at the same file. 



There Is a link count In each file descriptor 
sector. This count will always be one In normal 
OS-9 systems, but the field offers a way to tell 
OS-9 (RBFMan) that there are two or more directory 
entries pointing at a f I le- 

Thls trick will certainly cause OCHECK to have 
fits. If you link two directory files to one 
another (not Just with the .. file name) OCHECK will 
loop between the 1wo directories forever. Even If 
you don't get this extreme OCHECK will note that 
more than one file Is using the clusters belonging 
to the file with which you're playing. I have a 
deadly fascination with this trick of linking to a 
file several times. The parts to put It together 
are all there, but for some reason Mlcroware hasn't 
bul It It Into OS-9 yet. 

My bet Is that the reason for multiple links to 
files remaining dormant In OS-9 Is the recovery 
problem this feature creates. It Is Impossible to 
update the link count In the file descriptor and 
change the number of directory entries pointing to a 
file simultaneously. There Is always some way to 
crash the system between the two operations — 
pulling the plug will work. 

If the link count Is greater than the number of 
directory entries actually linked to the file, the 
file will eventually be left around with no 
directory entries pointing at It. The disk space 
for the file will be a I located and there wl I I be no 
easy way to return them. 

If the link count Is smaller than the number of 
directory entries linked to the file the result Is 
worse. Eventually there will be a directory entry 



pointing to a file that Isn't there- The sectors 

that used to belong to the file could be part of 

another file or Just free; In either case the result 
Is chaos. 

It looks Impossible- There Is trouble whether 
the file descriptor Is updated before or after the 
directory- There are 1wo solutions. 

One possibility Is to live with the problem. 
An experienced user can fuss around with the 
al location map and directory entries, and repair a 
damaged disk. Most of the work can be automated. 
Computers don't crash often. Chances ore they won't 
crash In the middle of a directory operation. — 

The alternative Is to use "stable storage" 
tricks. Every time OS-9 starts up look for evidence 
of a crash, and every time you update a directory 
prepare for one. This slows directory updates, 
systems startup, and even disk mounts; but It 
prevents users from having to worry about recovery. 

Neither method sounds OS-9- tike. I use the 
"live with the problem" method. I've never had 
reason to regret It, but I am prepared for the 
worst. The "stable storage" method Is Interesting 
... worth a brief discussion. 

Here Is a way to reliably update a directory: 

1 Copy the entire directory Including file 
descriptors to a special spot, with Its address 
known to recovery routines (In a table located at 
some known spot). 

2 Update the copy of the directory. 

3 Put the address of the old directory In the 
same table as the address of the new one with 
a mark Indicating that It Is old. 

4 Put the address of the updated directory In 
the directory's parent. 

5 Remove the new directory from the table. 

6 Delete the old directory removing It from the 
table. 

Step 4 Involves a single operation that changes the 
directory structure visible to the public. Until step 4 
Is executed no program knows about the change. After 
step 4 there Is a consistent updated directory. 

Recovery works as follows: 

If there Isn't anything In the "table" 

no recovery necessary 
If there Is a pointer marked "old" and no 
accompanying new directory 

delete the old directory 
If there Is only a new directory In the table 

delete It. 
If both pointers are In the table 

continue frcni step 4 In the update 

procedure 

Things fall apart again If two processes might 
simultaneously update the directory, or the file 
descriptors attached to It. If that Is permitted 
the protocol gets complicated. Too complicated for 
this column. 

I'm not going to try to present a program 
Implementing stable storage this month. Just a 
simple program to squeeze the null entries out of a 
directory. 



1 liKlrit <■(«•.*> 

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'68' Micro Journal 



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C* User Notes 



Edg«r n. (Bud) Mil. Ph.D. 
1454 Citti Lane 
Conyaro. GA 3020? 



INTRODUCTION 



This month's column provides additional follcwup 
Information on problems associated with the 6809 
Full C compilers, provides a few pointers on making 
C programs smaller and more efficient, and offers a 
few examples of the use of some of the string 
processing functions described In recent columns. 

FOLLOW-UP 

An earlier column stated that older versions of 
Introl C had size limitation problems with the 
linker. This has been corrected, at least as of 
vl.5.0. The problem with Introl C assuming that the 
FLEX system drive Is always number zero has been 
corrected, as of vl.5.4. Occasional "branch out of 
range" problems remain In vl.5.0, but may or not 
remain In vl.5.4, as they have not yet reoccurred In 
my testing. 

Host of the earlier problems reported for the McCosh 
series of C compilers have bean corrected, as of 
v25.2.8. However, there ere a few remaining, end 
they ere covered briefly below. 

Hlndrush C (for FLEX) does not honor backspece and 
line delete on I Ine-or lented Input (gets, fgets, 
scenf, f scenf i ...) from the terminal. This Is e 
real nulsence, as the programmer must provide a 
routine to edit each Input from the terminal before 
further use If any form of line correction Is 
desired, making "scenf" essentially useless- The 
other (non-FLEX) versions of McCosh C may share this 
problem, but have not been tested. Indirection of 
the standard Input with the FLEX I prefix-type 
command works, except that Input defaults back to 
the terminal when the Input file reaches end of 
file. The user must then enter e control-D to allow 



14 



68' Micro Journal 



the program to continue. Redirection of the 

standard Input with "<" and redirection of the 

standard output with ">" are not supported In 
Wlndrush C. 

The following program does not compile, but 

generates "Compiler Storage Error", at least In the 
Wlndrush version of McCosh for FLEX: 



■ainO 



tot ct; 

*hile C<getcftr(ttcl, 01, el) '= \«'(; 



McCosh C limits the expanded version of a C source 

line to about 127 characters. This Is usually a 
nuisance problem both when writing new programs and 
when attempting to port them from other systems. It 

Is not difficult to fix a statement which violates 
the line length limitation, unless It contains an 
expanded siring longer than 127 characters, as most 

lines may readily be broken into more than one tine. 

It Is just a nuisance, especially when It occurs 
often, such as I n a program which uses a large 
number of macro calls. The following program cannot 
be complied with any of the McCosh C compilers 
because of their line length limitation: 

tindude "ctype.h* 

uin() 

{ 

if (ispriflt('a')!:isprint('b');!isprint('c'l)i 
) 



A member of a structure is designated by a conslruct 
of the following form: 

structure-name . member-name 

according to K 4 R. But K 4 R Is silent on the 
situation In which member-name Is not a member of 
structure-name, but Is a member of another 
structure. Since this Is almost always a coding 
error, most C compilers detect this situation. The 
McCosh C compilers will compile the following 
program, but the Inlrol C compilers will not: 



tindude 
struct x 
struct y 
•ainO 
{ 

prier 

J 


■stdich' 
{ char xl; ) 
< char yl ; ) 


XX - { 

yy s < 


V 

v 


>; 


tfl'Xc Xc Ic Xc\n*, 
ix.xl, jx.yl, yy.yl, 


yy. 


xl); 



Although the allowance of crossed member-name 
references Is harmless In this case, It can be 
disastrous In many cases, and most C programmers 
would prefer for the C compiler to flag crossed 
member names as syntax errors. If a given C 
compiler allows crossed member-name references. It 
should be documented as a warning to the C 
programmers using the compiler for development. 

As nored In earlier columns, It Is definitely not 
sufficient for a C compiler manual to state that It 
works "lust like K 4 R". This Is Illustrated In 



cases such as the crossed structure names and 
members. In the order of evaluation of function 
arguments, !n the Implementation of the various data 
types (nunber of bits, signed/unsigned char, etc.), 
and In other areas not specified In K 4 R. 
Unfortunately, many C compiler manuals (not only 
those on the 6809) are silent on many of these 
Important Implementation details. 

EFFICIENCY IN C PROGRAMS 

The term "efficiency" has little meaning without 
reference to some basis of measurement. Most 
elementary programming texts discuss manners !n 
which to make programs more efficient with respect 
to lines of code, run time, object code length, 
coding time, debugging time, etc. 

C compilers have the generally we I I -deserved 
reputation for the production of machine code which 
would be Judged fair to poor by experienced assembly 
language programmers- A few C compilers, such as 
Turbo C for the 8086, produce excellent machine 
code. The McCosh and Introl C compilers produce 
reasonably good machine code, even to the point of 
providing optimizers to attempt to clean up some of 
the most common and worst sequences. 

Unfortunately, many Implementations of C on 
microcomputers are based upon Ron Cain's original 
Small C compiler, which was Intended to demonstrate 
that a subset of the C language could be Implemented 
on a microcomputer, not to generate good code. 

What can the C programmer do to attempt to make 
programs relatively smaller and faster, beyond the 
usual C code trimming and algorithm Improvement? 
Often, very significant Improvements In object code 
size may be realized by avoiding the use of the 
higher-level I/O functions such as prlntf, fprlntf, 
sprlntf, scant, fscanf, and sscanf. Of course, 
avoidance of the use of these functions Is sometimes 
difficult and time-consuming on the part of the 
programmer. However, the savings may be well worth 
the effort. 

One problem with the hlghei — level I/O functions In 
many C compiler libraries is that they are so 
general In scope that they require the Inclusion of 
most of the long, float, and double math libraries 
even If the program has no longs, floats, or doubles 
declared. For a reasonably short C program, these 

libraries may be several times longer than the 
object code length of the program Itself. McCosh C 
compilers avoid some of these Inefficiencies by 
requiring the user to request the inclusion of the 

long and float libraries explicitly for prlntf. 

Unfortunately, prlntf is one of t+ie most commonly 
used functions In the C library, so Its exclusion In 
many programs may actual ly make them longer and more 
complex because of the C code required to replace 
each prlntf call. There Is a simple solution which 
works In many cases. It Is to code a version of 
prlntf which Implements only the required subset of 
the capabilities of the general function, and avoids 
most of Its overhead. Such a version of prlntf, 
fprlntf, and sprlntf appears below. It would 
require modification for use with many C compilers, 
as they pass arguments In reverse order, but provide 
an example of the direct Inclusion of C library, 
functions. 



I* 
ft 

** Fonatted print functions print* , fprinU,ipfintf 

M 

»* They depend on the fact that sote compilers ousfi 



'68' Micro Journal 



15 



♦• function arguaents in the order of occurrence- 
it 

** Changes are required to use these functions *ith 

** c compilers ahich push arguaents in reverse order. 
«« 

** These versions are non-standard sines they require 
♦* the nuiber of paraaeters as the last paraaeter. 
tt Honever, this lares thei lucn acre portaDie. 

*» 
*/ 

/* 

*» Foriat and print to standard output 

»/ 

printf (a, n) 

int •a, n; 

< 

int 'fat! 

char buf MO); 

fat = !rJ + n; 

.fat (fit, »fat, buf); 

return (fputs (buf, stdoutH; 



/♦ 

•< foraat and print to an i/o streaa. 

♦/ 

fpnntf (a, n) 

int U, n; 

{ 

int »fat; 

char buftUOl; 

fat « U ♦ n; 

.fat (fat, Mat, buf); 

return (fputs (buf, fattlDl; 



/♦ 

♦» Foraat into aeaory at the address given. 

*/ 

sprintf (a, n) 

int «a, n; 

{ 

int tfat; 



fat j la ♦ n; 

.fat (fat, tfat, fatflJ); 



/* 

h Internal function for printf, fprintf, sprintf 
♦/ 

.fat {argptr, foraat, tuf) 

int targptr; I* point to arguaents *f 

char tforeat, /♦ foraat string ♦/ 

tbuf; /♦ points to buffer 

to place results «/ 



18 



char c, h teap character 


♦ / 


padchr, it character to use f 


or 


field padding 


*/ 


♦tstr, n teiporary pointer 




to a string 


»/ 


tbuf (301, /» teapcrary buffer 


♦/ 


1 just, /♦ flags to indicate 




left justification 


, *l 


zpad, /« zero padding, and 


*t 


tsfull; /♦ teap string full 


*l 


int i, l* teap integer 


*l 


padlen, /♦ padding length 


*l 


ten, It length 


♦/ 


prec, it field precision 


♦ / 


fldifidtn; 1* field nidth 


»/ 


Nhile (c = «foreat++) 
J 

if (c - T) 






{ 




if tljust = l(c * «foraat++> *- '-')) 




c * *for»at+*; 




if (zpad = (c == 'O'M 
{ 

padcfir - O'j 






c = *foraat++; 
1 




> 
else 




padchr = ' '; 




for tfldmdth - 0; isdigit (c); c = «foreat++l 


fldnidth - fldmdth • JO + c - '0'; 




if <C - '.') 




{ 




prec = 0; 




nhile (isdigit (c - tforaat++)) 




prec = prec • 10 ♦ c - 'O'; 

] 




else 




prec = 10000; 




tstr = tbuf; 




tsfull - TRUE; 




snitch (cl 

( 

case 'd': 






itoa (♦—argptr, -10, tstr); 




break; 




case V: 




itoa (*— argptr, 16, tstr); 




break; 




case V: 




itoa (•-- argptr, 8, tstr); 




break; 




case V; 




itoa It— argptr, 10, tstr); 




break; 




case 'b': 




itoa (♦ — argptr, 2, tstr); 




break; 




case V: 




•buf++ » «—argptr; 




•68' 


Micro Journal 





tsfull = FALSE; 




break; 


case V: 




tst.' = •--argptr; 




breal; 


del 


lult: 




♦buf++ - c; 




tsfull = FALSE; 


\ 


break; 


j 

;f 


ttslullJ 


{ 






if Clen = strlen (tstrl) > prec) 




le<> - prec; 




if ((padlen = fldiidth - len) < 0) 




padlen = 0; 




if tljjst! 




buf = stracpy (buf, tstr, len!; 




for (i = 1; i <= padlen; i**i 




•buf +•> = padchr; 




if lljust == 0) 




buf - strncpy (buf, tstr, len); 


J 




) 




else 




•buf++ - c; 


J 




♦buf ■ NULL 


i 



C PROBLEM 

There ere many Mays In which to code a C program 
which translates upper case letters In a file to 
lower case and drops all control characters except 
carriage return. The one presented below will 
accomplish the desired result, using the translation 
functions described In the previous article In this 
column. Because of the continued strings used In 
this program. It cannot be compiled with the McCosh 
C compilers. 



•include "stdio.fi" 

Mini) 

( 

char sI255], »pj 
int n; 

/» the folloning statient clears the 
internal translation table to *\0', 
then taps the designated characters 
to their o«n character codes. */ 
_str2tap<2, *\n , \"l$I!f'{)«t 1 -./0J2345678?:\ 
^^^eCX.'abcdefghiJklBnopqrstuvwiyzdJ"*, "\0"); 
I* the f ol lowing statement changes the 
internal translation table to nap 
upper case characters to lover case. ♦/ 
_str2iap(l, "flBGDEFGH I JKLNNOf ORSTUVMIYZ ■ , 
'abcdefghijklinopqrstuvMxyz'); 
/» this reads each line froi a text file 

and checks for end of file. •/ 
■hile <fgtts(s, 235, stdin) != NULL) 



/♦ this translates the strJag just 
read, according to the internal 
translation table already built. *l 

•eitransfs, s, ", '*, n - striec(s)); 

/• tins outputs the translated 

string, skipping umanted pulls. ♦/ 

for (p = s; n; — n, «+p> 
if t«pl putcharup): 



The next problem Is to write a program which 
compresses multiple whltespace characters (space and 
tab) Into single space characters In a text file. 
This may be done either directly or with the use of 
some of the string processing functions described In 
the last few columns. 

EXAMPLE C PROGRAM 

Following Is this month's exanple C program; It 
sorts a file by a Key. However, Its primary point 
Is not to Illustrate a sort written In C, but to 
provide an extreme example of the necessity of the 
formatting of C programs. 

Consider how much more readable and usable the 
program would have been If It were 

properly-formatted. Also, It will not compile 

directly with either Introl C nor McCosh C without 
several minor changes, since It was not written for 
either of them nor with portability In mind. 

•include 'stdia.fT 

struct sortf-struct ssrt^s.netticHar s_buf[2561; 
J; lain large, argv lint ar gc; char "arqv; (struct 
sort*s,is2,«bs,»0s2,»as,»as2; struct sort 
♦last_sort=NULL,»first. sort; int count.sorts'O, 
n_sort ,1 , j,Hranc;; int randl) ,srandi);whils(argc> 
IX* ♦argv,— argejif (♦♦argv !='-') fpnr.tf (stderr, 
'sort: Is: no file arguaentsn',«argv);else 
fprintf (stderr,'sort: Is: no options eithern', 
•argv) ;)do(s= (struct sort*)calloc(2,sneof ( 
struct sort)); if (last_sortllast_sort->s_next-s; 
else first.sort=s;last_sort s s; ♦♦count. sorts;) 
»hi 1 e (gets (s-)s_buf ));-- count, sorts; sr and It iie(0 
));do{ford=0;i<count_sorts;+n){for(s=ftrst_sort 
, J-0; j<i ; s=s-)s_next ,-»+j);/»ldeally «e would loop 
on randl) until the value fell into the range 0-t 
count. sorts-!), but ut will cheat»/n_sart=rand(! 
Icount_sorts;for{s2=first_sort,j=0i j<n_sort;s2= 
s2-;s_ne»t l *+j);for(bs=first_sort;bs->s_next*li 
bs->s]next!=s;bs=bs->s_next>j"if(bs->sj>ext«NULL 
)bs:NULL;for(bs2=f!rst_sort;bs2->s.nexttt 
bs2->s_next!=s2;bs2=bs2->s_next);if(bs2->s_next 
:=NULL)bs2:HULL;for<as=first.sort;as->s.nextM 
as! s s->s.next;as=as->s_next);for(as2=first_sorti 
as2->s.nextHas2!=s2->s.next;as2=as2->s.next);if 
(s->s_next==s2Kif (bs)bs->s_next=s2;else 
first_sort=s2;s2->s_next-s;s->s_next=as2;)else 
if Is2->s_next«s){if (bs2)bs2->s_next*s;else 
first_sort=s;s->s.next s s2;s2->s.next I as;)else£ 
if (bslbs->s_next=s2;else first_sort=s2;if (bs2) 
bs2->s.next s s;else first.sort s s;s-)s.next=as2; 



'68' Micro Journal 



17 



sZ-:s_ne»U«;/!*rong s C';<ar»s s first,S3'i ; 
s->s_neJtWs-/s.neJt->s.neit;s-s->s.(i«»t)it( 
stfct?'s-'>s.buf,s->s.n»rt->s_buf) >-0!»r oig=I;) 
■ > tule(iirong!;f'or(s=fust_sort;s->*_ne*t;s= 
s->sj!txt.puts.s-)i.4ufl;.mtl-l,}. 



68OOO USER NOTES 

Philip Lucldo 

2)20 Saratoga Drive 

Sherpvllto, PA 16150 



1 quit! Mot writing the column, of course. I'm learning a 
lot, and having fun doing so. But from now on I do 
solemnly promise to hold back on those previews of what 
to expect In the following column. Something else always 
seems to cone up, and ny scheduled plans are constantly 
shot to pieces. 

Anyway, this month 1 will not be reviewing version 1.0 of 
OS-9. This column is going out a little earl/, as I get 
ready to go to Mlcroware's OS-9 s Inar, so the new 
release Isn't hare yet. Further, my Impassioned call for 
program standards will probably have to wait for some 
indeterminate time In the future (I'd say next month but 
my solemn promises generally hold for a minimum of two 
paragraphs). 

Egg on My Face Dapt. 

What will 1 use this month's column for then? 
Retractions and corrections, of course! Nothing 
serious, but a few points from last month turned out to 
be incorrect. 

Last month Kirk Anderson had a question concerning the 
use. or lack of use. of the '#' memory allocation 
qualifier. Under 0S-9/68K, specifying a large buffer ter 
a utility like copy is done with the command 'copy -b»20K 
. . .' Instead of 'copy #20K — ', as you would do with 0S- 
9/6809. I assumed that the buffer Is allocated with an 
sbrkO call, which contiguously expands a program's data 
allocation with an FtMejn OS-9 service request, and had 
some reservations about such a practice, especially In a 
Level 1 system. 

While talking to people at Mlcroware. 1 was told that an 
sbrkO call Is not used. Instead, there Is a new C 
system call, ebrV.O, which Is used to request mora data 
memory. Unlike sbrkO, the ebrkO call does not attempt 
to allocate memory contiguous with existing data memory. 
Instead, It uses a callby tha name of FJSRqMem (System 
Request Memory), which allocates memory without regard 
to it's location. The FtSRqMem call is not available to 
user programs under OS-9/6809, where it is a reserved 
system service request, but under 0S-9/68K It is a user 
request. 

This difference between the 6809 and 68000 versions of 
OS-9 is not particularly Important to most programs. It 
does mean, though that programs which build large 
tables In memory, like compilers or assemblers, will not 
have the problems under Level 1 0S-9/68K that they would 
under Level I 0S-9/6809. 

Last month, 1 also mentioned a sorting program that I 
was writing. The program should have taken most of It's 
time reading and writing the disk, so the 6809 and 68008 
versions should have run equally fast. Instead the 6809 
version took 27 minutes, with the 68008 version taking 
10 and a half. 

Well, obviously the 68008 can't be that much better. 
Instead, the times reflect another difference In memory 
allocation between OS-9/6809 and 0S-9/68K. My program 
uses the buffered 1/0 routines In the C library, which 
use buffers to quickly save file input and output, then 
transmit the results In 256 by+e chunks to OS-9. This 
runs much faster than sending data character by 
character through OS-9, with IIRead and itWrlte calls, 
since there is significant overhead with each actual call 
to the OS-9 kernel. 

Under OS-9/6809, these buffers are allocated using 
IbrkO calls, which use the memory In the original data 
area, if enough memory Is not Immediately available, than 



the associated file Is set unbuffered, so the OS-9 kernel 
Is called for each character. This Is what happened 
with my sort program, which has about 8 flies open at 
once, and needs 2K of memory Just for the 1/0 buffers. 
The C compiler Includes a command line option, -m, to 
Increase the Initial memory allocation, but If If Is not 
used, then there is only enough memory for at most 3 
files. Thus, most of the flies In the program ended up 
being unbuffered. The long running time for the 6809 
version was entirely due to the constant overhead calling 
0S-9. 

Under 0S-9/68K the 1/0 buffers ere allocated using 
ebrkO calls, so there Is no problem with not setting the 
-m option when compiling. After properly compiling the 
6809 version with en option of -m"10 to allocate space 
for up to 10 additional buffers, the program ran In about 
the same time on both processors. 

Why the 68000? 

There is something i probably should have talked about 
some time ego, to wit what Is there to recommend the 
68000? There are actually two questions here. First, In 
what ways are the newer 16 bit microprocessors better 
(or worse) than the 8 bit machines, and second, how does 
the 68000 compare with other 16 bit processors? 

16 bit processors offer two main advantages over the 8 
bit processors: an Increased address space and a wider 
data bus* The address space of a processor Is the 
amount of memory which con be directly addressed, 
without first going Into any software bonk switching ra- 
the like. This is determined by the number of address 
bits on the chip. 8 bit processors generelly have 16 
address bits, which allow then to directly address 64K 
bytes of memory. 16 bit processors vary, but most have 
at least 20 address bits, for a 1 megabyte (IM) address 
space, like the 68008, or 24 bits like the 68000, for 16M 
of directly addressable memory. 

For most of the time since microcomputers made their 
appearance, 64K of memory has been enough. 
Increasingly, though, programs have been appearing which 
either require, or run much better. In a large amount of 
RAM. it Is possible to run such programs In an 8 bit 
machine, by using such memory techniques as page 
mapping, like that used In OS-9/6809, or by writing e 
program to run In overlays and keep dote on the disk. 
However, this compllcetes the program, and distracts 
the programmer from the program's true function. 
Often, the program simply doesn't get written In Its most 

?owerful form. If at all. By removing this 64K limitation, 
6 bit micros make It simpler to write these lerge 
programs. 

in addition to a larger address space, 16 bit chips tend 
to be more efficient at processing data. They do this 
by being able to perform their various machine language 
operations on larger bit-groupings of date. On an 8 bit 
micro, arithmetic Is generally performed on byte, or 8 
bit, data, while 2 bytes, or 16 bits, Is the basic data 
size for the larger processors. Being able to handle 
more data per Instruction helps a program to run 
fester, since fewer multi-byte operetlons need to be 
performed. 

Now It is Mil !v obvious that 8 bit micros won't disappear 
overnight. For most Jobs they are more than powerful 
enough . Furthermore, 16 bit microcomputers are likely 
to remain more expensive then 8 bit designs for some 
time, with their lerger memory requirements and newer 
chip sets- Because of this, for Instance, the 68000 is 
unlikely to eclipse the 6809 to the same extent as the 
6809 has done so to the 6800. Whet Is likely to happen 
though Is that new programs will be developed for the 16 
bit chips which will simply be to difficult or large to 
transport back to the older ewputers. If you want the 
speed and con handle the added expense, then a 16 bit 
microcomputer may be worth It. 

Which particular 16 bit (or 32 bit) chip is likely to 
dominate the market? Unfortunately, the decision will 
depend more on which chip IBM or AT&T choose to put in 
their machines than on which chip Is more powerful. 
Still, I con always hope for the best, end explain why I 
prefer the 68000 (surprise, surprise). 

My exposure to 16 bit micros has been mostly limited to 
the 8086 end the 68000. Thus, I cen't really say much 
about the 28000 or any of the others, but these seem to 
be minor players In the game, anyway. The 8086 Is 
obviously the front runner, with Its use In all of the IBM 
PCs and PC clones, but this is due more to Its earlier 
appearance on the scene. The 6BO00 clearly has a more 
powerful design. 



18 



68' MlcfO Journal 



First, the 68000 might better be described as a 32 bit 
micro. There are two measures of bit size In a 
processor. The normal one is the width of the external 
data bus, which Is the number of bits which can be 
written or read at a time. This Is 16 bits for a 68000 
or 8086, 8 bits for a 68008, 8088, or 6809. The other 
bit size, which may be more Important, Is the width of 
the Internal data bus, reflected In the size of the 
general registers used for most arithmetic In the 
machine. For the 68000 and the 68008. this Is 32 bits, 
wh lie it Is onty 16 bits for the 8086 and 8088. As I said 
above, the ablil ty to handle larger chunks of data, which 
depends on the Internal data bus width, is a strong 
factor In the speed and performance of a processor. 

Second, the 8086, In attempting to stay upwardly 
compatible with the 8080, uses a segmented addressing 
scheme for addressing over 64K of memory. In the 8086, 
addressing memory requires two different values. One 
value, held In what Is known as a segment register. 
points to a base address which Is anywhere In a 1 
megabyte range. The segment register is 16 bits long, 
and points to the address formed by appending 4 bits of 
zero to the end of the value in the register, creating a 
20 bit memory pointer. The second value used In 
addressing Is the offset, which might come from an Index 
register or be part ot the Instruction (like extended 
addressing In the6809>. To perform the actual memory 
access, the shifted segment register value Is added to 
offset, giving a final 20 bit address. 

This method has some advantages. For Instance, the 
segment register is generally loaded only once per 
program or once per subroutine, so addresses -ora that 
point on are only 16 bits long, the size of the offset, 
reducing the size of the object code. The 
disadvantages are quite serious, though. If you look 
closely, the segmented addressing Is Just another 
version of bank switching, albeit somewhat more 
manageable than in the 8 blT/64K situation. As a 
result. It Is Impossible to address more than 64K at a 
time without manipulating the segment registers. There 
are separate segment registers for data, stack, and 
program access, but there Is still that 64K problem 
within a single segment. 

How Is the 68000 different? Motorola chose the simplest 
method of memory addressing, by making all addresses 32 
bits long. There Is no memory segmentation required, 
since a single Instruction can directly access any byte 
In a 4 gigabyte (that's 4 billion bytesl) range. Obviously, 
programs for the 68000 will often be larger than 
equivalent programs for the 8086, since larger addresses 
(and larger Instructions In general, by the way) have to 
be kept In a program. But what must be remembered Is 
the fact that, from now on, memory is cheap, especially 
when compared to programmer time. A program might now 
be 40K long Instead of 32K, but If there Is 356K of 
memory In a computer, so whet? 

The 68000 Is not entirely without blemishes. While 32 
bit addresses are used, constant offset Indexing Is still 
limited to a 16 bit range, which Is not significantly 



SINGLE BOARD 
COMPUTERS-6809 



different from the segmented addressing of the 8086. 
This Is less troublesome here, since 64K Is generalK 
sufficient for named variables, which are the types whicr 



will be addressed with constant Indexes from a base 
register. Large data tables using pointers to link 
table elements are not affected, and can be as large as 
required, up to the bounds of available memory. AJso, 1 
have heard that the next processor In the 68xxx family, 
the true 32 bit 68020, will allow full 32 bit offsets for 
Indexing. 

Vacatlonl 

That's enough for now. I'm off to the 0S-9 seminar now, 
with a nice lazy (and well deserved) vacation to follow 
that. Next month I should (not will - should) be 
answering some mall that has come In, as well as telling 
you what transpired at the seminar. Bye. 



SUPPORT YOUR 
ADVERTISERS 



SINGLE BOARD OWfVTERS - 6609 

Recently we received for review 3 different single 
board 680 9 computers. All three are 64K systems, wfth 
56K standard per FLEX" convention. All three boards run 
FLEX, two have also licensed OS- 9" level one. The two 
FLEX systems recommend that you purchase FLEX from your 
favorite source and use their modified drivers. 
Essentially this requires most any FLEX. COR and append 
the drivers to make a bootable FLEX system. Some 
consideration should be given to certain SWTPC FLEX 
versions, however, all can be made to work. Specifics 
will be covered In the review of each system. 

The three systems we will look at are: 

1 . The FT-69- 
Perlpheral Technology 
3760 Lower Roswell Rd. 
Marietta, GA 30067 
404/973-0042 

2. ST- 2900 SystenT 
Sardls Tecnrtoloqles 
2261 E. 11th Ave". 
Vancouver, 8. C, Canada V5N 1Z7 

3. The 6809 "Unlboard"" 

Digital Research Computers (of Texas) 
P.O. Box 461565 
Garland, TX 75046 
214/271-3538 

Notice should be taken that we will review each s/stem 
In the order of A-Z. Why? Well they all have certain 
strengths and weaknesses, as we see It. Also we ended 
up having no particular favorite, as each has certain 
merits not available to the other two. All three are 
advertised In 68 Micro Journal and are running either In 
our offices or our lab (meaning they have been tested 
and accepted by our standards). All three perform well. 
Any one of the three when contained with disks and a CRT 
or keyboard and monitor (depending on the system) make 
an excellent, general purpose or specialized 6809 64K 
computer. The boards alone moke great and very 
economical 6809 controllers or stand-aJone systems. I 
see an upsurge In 6809 activity due to the economy and 
availability of these systems running all the popular 6809 
disk systems and software! 

THE PT-69 

The PT-69 Is completely mounted on a single glass 
epoxy board, 6 1/2 X 5 1/2 Inches In size. The board Is 
solder-masked and double sided plated through. Also the 
system can be obtained eonplete with or wltlout cabinet, 
power supply and 5 Inch disk drives, 40 or 80 track. 
However, we will only review the board without power 
supply or disk drives. We added our own drives and 
mounted the board In a Heath H-19 CRT terminal that we 
had In our lab. Also the Sardis system Is mounted In a 
Heath H-19 CRT terminal. Both these systems have half 
size Oume 5 Inch DO OS disk drives 40 track. Installed In 
the CRT terminal also. Everything in one box. 

1 have long seen the need an3 attempted to get some 
of our present 6809 computer manufacturers to make a 
similar system. A very accurate survey some two years 
ago Indicated that many of you wanted such a system. 
Only SWTPC and WawMete have done so. 

WeveMate blew it by making the hardware and software 
dependent on a double density disk directory for FLEX. 
Mi normal FLEX systems use single density directories, 
for both single or double density format. Had they 
listened I sincerely believe that they would have had a 
winner, but now only SWTPC advertises a system in a 
desktop configuration (X-I2+), and 1 understand It Is 
doing quite well. However, by utilizing a CRT terminal 
similar to the Heath H-19, which has provisions for disks 
also, the entire system can be in one package. And that 
Is the wave of the future, something we should have done 
years ago. Now with two of these, desktop complete 
systems are possible. With the other the size of the 
board Is slightly too large, due to features not available 
on the other two. Remember, 1 said advantages and 
disadvantages. 



'68' Micro Jo rnal 



19 



Now. as to the Heath H-19, It Is no longer In 
production, but many are advertised as usad and at very 
good prices, so It should not be too difficult finding a 
Tow price used one or a similar type. Should any of you 
out there have a used Heath H-19 for sale, please let me 
know as I am certain I will be receiving many Inquiries 
for availability of used ones. 

On to the PT-69. Basic overview: 

56K RAM useable 

4K EPROM - 4K I/O 

2 6 bit parallel ports (6650) 

2 RS232 serial ports (6821) 

1 Mhj 6809E processor 

Double density, double sided 40/80 5" disk drives 

Available with optional CRT, cabinet, power supplies 

and 4' Ives 

Time of day and calendar clock (146818) 

Although a kit Is available, we received the review 
system built and tested. It required about 4 leisure 
hours to Install the system In the CRT terminal, wire tlie 
serial port and parallel port to the 0B25 connectors on 
the back of the CRT terminal, wire the communications 
port to the terminal, drill a couple of holes on the 
support Inner frame or the terminal to nount the board, 
rob power from the terminal and go- Also a small power 
supply for the disk drives should be built or purchased 
and Installed. 

Because our review system cane prebullt and tested 
It came up online without a hitch, first time. We have a 
second one that we use for maintaining a mailing list and 
It has functioned flawlessly for ever six months, 8 hours 
a day. 

Operating Systems 

The system runs both FLEX and 0S-9 level one. And 
this brings up an Interesting point. The disk 
controllers sold by Peripheral Technology function as 
SWTPC OC2-4 disk controllers. Therefore, the 0S-9 
configuration for the PT-69 system should also run on 
any SfiTPC system using SWTPC DC2-4 5" disk controllers. 
Now for the many of you who have expressed a desire to 
run 0S-9 on your SWTPC I would suggest you contact 
Peripheral Technology for the particulars. 

The FLEX version uses a monitor that has entry 
points that are the same as the SB ugE* monitor frotn 
SWTPC, less any 'OAT* functions (remember It Is only a 64K 
system and needs no OAT). I understand an expansion 
model will be available In the near future and will albw for 
extended addressing. Then a OAT type monitor such as 
the SWTPC will run in the system. The documentation 
indicates that FLEX version 9.1 from TSC will run as well 
as most SWTPC FLEX versions. Almost any FLEX.COR sltould 
work, except some SWTPC versions that have relocated 
some parts of the .COR. Also available Is disk drivers to 
make the TSC version run 00 OS. 

The Monitor PT-MYJN 

The monitor has entry points that coincide with 
those defined by SW1PC when the first 6809 CPUs became 
available. By sticking to these standard entry points 
most all software runs unaltered. For many this Is not 
only convenient but a MUST. Patching software that 
talks directly with 1/0 devices or monitor calls that are 
either different devices or different entry points can 
make for some long debugging sesslonsl We have not had 
to alter or change one piece of software running on our 
day-to-day PT-69 office system. 

Monitor Commands: 

Alter Accumulator-A 

Alter Accumulator-B 

Alter Conditional Code Register 

Alter DP 

Alter u Stack Pointer 

Alte X Register 

Alter Y Register 

Set Breakpoint 

Dump Memory (both hex and ASCII) 

Execute Program 

Find Data (two hex bytes) 

Continue Execution of Program 

Jump to Subroutine 

Initialize Memory (any char 0-F) 

Load Tape (SI format) 

Memory Examine and Change 

Punch Tape (SI format) 

Test Memory 

Register Dump 

Scot Floppy Disk 

Remove Breakpoint 



The Monitor occupies memory from JfBOO $ffff. The 
stack pointer Is placed at Scoff except when using a 
version of SWTPC FLEX 2.8:3 or higher, else It Is at 
SdfcO. Monitor routines are entered by Indirect Jump 
calls. The rare significant ones are: 

F800 - Monitor - Re-enter monitor 

F802 - Nextcmd - Re-enter monitor and prompt 

F804 - Inch - Get Input char from terminal 

no echo 
F806 - Inche - Get Input char from terminal 

with echo of char 
F808 - Incheck - Check for Input char 
F80A - Outch - Output char to terminal 
F80C - Pdata - Print data string 
F80E - Pcrff - Print carriage return and linefeed 
FB10 - Pstrng - Call Pcrlf then Pdata 
F812 - RTS -Null, included for S-Bug-E canpatiblllty 
F814 - Out2hs - Print two hex char 
F816 - 0ut4hs - Print four hex char 
F818 - In2hex - Input two hex char 
FBI A - In4hex - Input four hex char 
F8IC - 0ut4hex - Print four hex char In 'X' reg 
0FC2 - SWI3 
0FC4 - SWI2 
0FO6 - FIR0 
DFC8 - IRO 
0FCA - SWl 

Meawry Hap 

0000 - 0FFF RAM 

EOOI - E002 ACIA 

E004 - E005 ACIA 

E0I0 - E0I3 PIA 

E014 - Drive select register 

E018 - E01B W02797 (disk controller) 

E050 - E05E RTC (clock) 

F800 - FFFF Monitor (2716) 

F000 - FFFF rtinltor (2732) 

Conclusion 

No provision era made for 8 Inch disk drives, however 
the disk controller provides for 8" drives as well. A 
good hardware type should experience little trouble In 
adding 8" capability. How about an article someone who 
has or will do Itl But with 80 track drives, why? 

Eleven plugs and jumpers are provided to select baud 
rates for both ACIns, terminal, printer/modem, floppy 
drive cable, PIA power, printer CTS enable, 2716/2732 
select, reset, disk controller test Input and real time 
clock battery connector. We use Nl-Cads and the date 
and time Is always there at power-on. 

Baud rates hard wired are 300, 1200, 9600 and 19200 
for both ACIAs. Other rates can be Jumper wired In. 

The documentation Is complete with schematic 
drawings, parts placement, parts list, cabla connection 
charts ana complete manufacturers spec sheets and 
booklets on each of the major components, 6809, 6821, 
6850 6883, 146818 and WD279Xd1sk controller. 

The nice part about this system Is that you can run 
practically all FLEX and 05-9 level one software without 
modification. It Is simple to Install and get running. 
The 1/0 devices are those normally looked for by most 
software and ore at normal memory addresses. We could 
find nothing to complain about except that the 
documentation Is certainly not 'Heath' quality. But then 
neither is the other two, so I guess that runs even. It 
Is sufficient to get the Job done, but It will be simpler 
for tltose who have some experience with building kits or 
boards and wiring cables and harnesses. Anyone should 
be able to do It by detail study of the total package of 
documentation. 

The price of the board - wired and tested Is: 

$299.95 less power supply and cabinet 
(and of course disk drives) 

The system with power supply and cabinet Is: 

$399.95 

The complete system with power supp y and cabinet, 
two 5"dlsk drives DD.DS 40 track Is: 

$999.95 

With the cost of the PT-69 board, a used CRT terminal 
and two 5" disk drives DO OS, the total system cost 
should be $1500 or less, and thaT Is the advantage of the 
new wave of single board 6809 computers, cost, 
compactness antf semi-portability (with the Heath 
terminal the total weight is about 45 pounds). 



20 



'68' Micro Journal 



For those applications demanding additional I to, 
hard-disk and other peripheral Interfacing then one of 
the larger S50 Bus system will be required, but for many 
this Is the way to go. And It Is good for the Industry, 
for experience has shown that satisfied small system 
owners eventually graduate to larger and more complex 
6809 systems rather than go off to The 'other side" (who 
wants to learn new languages, buy new software and 
essentially start all cverT) 

See Peripheral Technology Advertising for additional 
specs and ordering information. 

Next month a review of the ST-2900 System 6809 single 
board computer from Sardls Technologies. 



COBOL 



COBOL 

About the only language that I had never gotten to 
work with (until last week) was Cobol. About a week ago, 
"Crunch Cobol" from Compusense arrived for me to look at 
and perhaps review. Well, after a week I have some 
Initial Impressions of both the language and the 
particular Implementation, but a week fs certainly not 
enough time for anyone to have become proficient In any 
language, so I really don't feel qualified to do a thorough 
review of the Compusense package. However, I suspect 
that Cobol might be new to most of you readers as well as 
to me, so some first Impressions of the language 
Interspersed with some comments on this particular 
Implementation might be of some Interest. 

As do most of the compiler packages, this one arrived 
with a manual that clearly indicates that It does not 
contain a complete tutorial on the language. I went to 
the local bookstore and found a larger than expected 
selection of books on Cobol. One of them was wrapped In 
plastic (I think to keep some additional sheets provided 
with It fron becoming lost) so I couldn't look at It. Now 
I'm not ready to spend $20 on a book If I can't at least 
leaf through It and see what It contains. I settled for 
a book called Structured Cobol, A Self Teaching Guide, by 
Ruth Ashley. Nearby was another book by the same 
author that seemed a little older. 

To quote from the Introduction "Structured COBOL 
deals with the COBOL language — the same COBOL that 

fears, 
such, 

an 



Programmers and computers have been using for years 
Structured* here refers to programming, and, as sucl 
is Independent of the COBOL language. Structure Is < 
approach to programming In whlcfi we are concerned with 
clarity as well as effectiveness." 

My very first Impression was that COBOL 's euthor(s) 
searched hard to find keywords that are as long as 
possible for each function. Print and Write are commonly 
used In other languages as keywords to cause output of 
what follows. These are both 5 letter words, too short 
for COBOL, which uses DISPLAY for the same purpose. An 
example program had the line: TMSPLAY •"» rf END OF FILE 
***" UPON CONSOLE. The UPON CONSOLE qualifier keeps 
Information such as this on the CRT terminal even If the 
other outputs are redirected, as to a printer. In an 
effort to keep the programmer thinking In terms of 
writing programs In %tatn English", COBOL doesn't have 
"procedures' 1 but rather uses the term "paragraphs". 
Statements are called "sentences" and they end with a 
period (of course). 

Unfortunately, the book Is too much "self teaching" 
oriented, following the question and answer approach all 
the «av through. The example programs are the most 
useful Information contained. Though the author made 
an attempt to organize the Information roughly by 
subject It Is very difficult to find some of the 
Information. A paragraph, being analogous to a 
procedure In Pascal or PL/ or a function In "C\ ought to 
be a rathe Important topic, right? The word Paragraph 
doesn't appear In the alphabetical Index at the end of 
the book, and I had some trouble with the syntax of my 
first attempted paragraph, which turned out to be more 
complex than any In the examples In the book. 



I've recently decided that I would compare the file 
handling In several languages, and so I wrote a short 
program that reads a text rile, converts all upper case 
characters In It to lower, and writes the result back to 
another file. I thought I would try tt In COBOL. First 
attempt caused 31 errors to be reported, but I'm 
getting ahead of the story... More on that later. 

I found, after a few evenings of reading the book and 
the Instruction manual that came with the Crunch Cobol, 
that 1 had some definite Impressions of COBOL as a 
language, but not yet a very good Idea of how good the 
Compusense Implementation Is. First the Impressions, 
then a discussion of the implementation. I found that 
COBOL Is VERY good In the area of defining a RECORD. 
Each field Is described character by character, 
indicating which positions contain alphabetic 
characters and which contain numeric- (I'm speaking 
Initially of how a record in a FILE Is described In the 
header sections of the program). The formatting 
capabilities for the generation of output strings for 
reports Is considerably more comprehensive. These 
capabilities must be what Inspired the extensions of 
BASIC In the area of the fRINT USING" facilities. You 
can specify separators for numbers, such as commas cr 
slashes (for date Information). You can have leading 
zeros suppressed or present. You can fill the leading 
zero columns with "*"-, or blanks. You can have a dollar 
sign In a fixed column, or floating to put itself before 
the first non zero digit In the result. 

Formatting Is done by means of a Picture. For example 
a record containing name and phone number Information 
might look like this 

01 CUSTOMER-RECORD 

02 C-FIRST-NAME P 'C X(12). 

02 C-LAST-NAME PIC X<15). 

02 C-PH0NE-NU PIC 9(10).: 

In the "PIC" area, X Indicates alphanumeric 
(character) Information, and 9 Indicates numeric. In 
the present case, the phone number could just as well be 
defined as a field of characters. In the output 
formatting section of the program, several other symbols 
are used to Insert commas, place the decimal point, etc. 
In the present program, I wanted to Input a fine of text 
and modify It. 

I found the Compusense implementation to be rather 
complete. The manual describing the use of the compiler 
Is clearly written, and I had no problem running It. To 
my horror, my first attempt at the program resulted In a 
total error count of 31. Since the whole program was 
about 40 lines long. It looked pretty bleak. I soon found 
out that the source program format may not be quite as 
"free form" as with some of the other languages, and 
that I hadn't Indented the statements enough from the 
Label and Heading column. Indenting one column further 
brought the error count down to ten. Another pass 
straightening out some syntax (missing period at end of 
some statements and headers) brought the error down to 
Just one. It seems that no arithmetic Is permitted on a 
character. You may only perform arithmetic on numeric 
fields. 

I was temporarily set back trying to figure out how to 
convert "A* to "a* without simply addtn= or ORIn" In t20 
to the value. The test IF CHAR NOT < "A" AND CHAR NOT > 
"Z" worked fine to sort out the characters to be 
modified, but the ADD J20 TO CHAR resulted In an error. 
(Note that comparisons In Cobol may use only one symbol 
and optional)/ the word NOT. >■ translates to NOT <, and 
<■ translates to NOT >.) Adding decimal 32 didn't work 
either. There seem to be no "conversion" functions to 
convert a character to a number so arithmetic can be 
done on It, either. The only other possibility I could 
Imagine was a section of code containing 26 IF 
statements: 
IF CHAR - "A" HOVE "a" TO CHAfl. 

Repeat this all the way through "Z", and you have 
something that should work. Wrong again. I found that 
when I tried to set up the IN-FILE record to be one 
character and read one character at a time to process 
It, I only got the first character of each line". 
Apparently COBOL Is like BASIC In that respect. It reads 
to the first carriage return and puts what will fit, Into 
the defined record, throwing everything else away. What 
to do now? 



01 IN-LINE 
02 IN-CHAR 



PIC 9(80). 



I declared the record to be 80 characters. In the 
working data section I declared a structure to which to 



68' Micro Journal 



21 



urns the lino read fron the Input file: 

01 W-LINE 

02 CHAR OCCURS 80 TIMES. 

That peculiar syntax sets up an array of characters 
of dimension 80. No* I could READ a record from INPUT- 
FILE. and MOVE IN-LINE TO W-LINE. Then I could Index 
through W-LINE as an array of characters, modify the 
characters and return them to W-LINE, then move W-LINE 
to OUT-LINE and write It to the new file. Simple? Yes 
but there Is still a problem. COBOL Is obstinate about 
having records of fixed length, even in a sequential file. 
I haifto fill IN-LINE «ith blanks by moving a blank line 
Into It, read the record, move It to W-LINE, modify It. 
move It to OUT-LINE and write It to the output file. A 
quick LIST of the output file after running the program, 
which by this time had no compile e rors. indicated that 
It worked fine. I then discovered that the output file 
was three or four times as big as the Input file. A 
quick dump of the disk file showed that each output 
record was 80 characters long, and that after the text 
ran out, the record was padded with nulls (>00) with a CR 
(J0D) at the end of the record to serve as a separator. 

Further, the program, because of the average of 13 IF 
comparisons for each character, took about three 
minutes to run on the source listing of Itself. I split 
up the decisions with some tests to get the comparisons 
at least to the proper quarter of the alphabet with a 
couple of preliminary IF's (see the listing here), and the 
whole thing stopped working. It turned out that adding 
labels within my SUBSTITUTION paragraph, fooled the 
compiler Into putting the return Just before the first 
embedded label. I had l-o declare "SUBSTITUTION SECTION." 
In - der for It to accept the several labels and consider 
the paragraph as one. The Compu sense manual Indicates 
that I probably should have been able to use PARAGRAPH- 
SUBSTITUTION." as a heade to Identify the paragraph, 
but that didn't work, though no compiler error was 
flagged- As I Indicated earlier, the book doesn't even 
contain a reference to the word paragraph In Its Index. 
None of the example programs In either the book or the 
manual Included multiple labels, so I am In the dark as to 
why what would seem like the more logical Identifier 
didn't work at all. 

It seems that the fixed record length even for 
sequential flies made the program work very 
Inefficiently. I tried cutting off the character match 
process by stopptnget the Cff In the Input line, but It 
appears that the CR Is not Included In the input line, 
nor transfered to W-LINE. I also found thar If I didn't 
"blank out" IN-LINE each time the output line written tc 
the output file contains the tall end of the previous 
lines longer than the current one. I did find that 
running the output file through any of the editors, 
stripped It of all the extra nulls and the output file 
from the edit, was the same length as the input file* 

At any rate, with the 26 IF statements broken down 
Into groups of 6 and 7 the execution time went frcm 
three minutes to Just under two minutes. 

At this point, I'm willing to say that COBOL Is not 
intended for use In "character manipulation" 
applications. It did the Job, though rather 
Inefficiently. The fact that all reco ds must be the 
same length for sequential files, removes the usual 
compactness advantage of using sequential files, and any 
data file might as well be the random occess type, since 
there Is no accompanying lass efficient use of disk space 
to offset the quicker access and the capability of 
adding to or changing records In a random access file. 
This (Imitation, also makes COBOL unsuitable for use In 
manipulating text flies, as for text editing 
applications. 

As a point for comparison, I ran the Whimsical compiler 
version of the LOWER" program on the COBOL source file, 
and It ran In ten seconds. I was Impressed with the 
small amount of code generated by the compiler. However, 
I should point out that this Is a T'-code Incrementation 
that runs with a "Vuntlme package". 

Obviously, since I am no expert on COBOL, I ant not In a 
position to make any absolute Judgements on this 
package. I will say that it appears to be a fairly 
complete Implementation of AMs COBOL. The manual 
doesn't Indicate the precision of the erlthmetlc 
package, which I obviously didn't check with the program 
here. I found the error messages to be of little help. 
When the error line was an ADD statement, the error 
message was "Syntax e r "In ADD statement". Actually 
the error message Is a code, and you must look up the 
code In the manual. The next error was In a MOVE 



statement, and the error message was "Syntax error In 
MOVE statement". A simple "SYNTAX ERROR" would have 
done, since I could see what type of statement the error 
line contained- The error line Is output with a carat 
pointing at the approximate location of the error In the 
Tine. 

As with most modern compilers, my few errors produced 
a large nunber of error messages and the correction of 
any one error significantly reduced the count so that I 

?ulcky bod an error free compile. Compile time for the 
inal program on a 2 MHz system (all times given here are 
for that system) was around two minutes. The compiler 
has the usual set of options, not unlike the TSC 
Assembler that most of us have. You can create an 
output file or not, create a listing to the terminal or 
not, list to thepr Inter, etc. There are sane facilities 
for Including TRACE Information In the complied output, 
and for Including optional debug statements In the 
output cods- 

One nice feature of the compiler Is an extension that 
allows the program to "parse" the FLEX command line for 
filenames that follow the command that Invokes the 
program. Up to 5 filenames may be Included on the 
command line and associated with the logical filenames 
used within the program. The syntax: SELECT INPUT- 
FILE ASSIGN TO FlLE-1, associates the logical filename 
INPUT-FILE with the first file on the command line etc 
Alternately, a literal filename may be Included as In 
SELECT INPUT-FILE ASSIGN TO 'WTESTFILETXT", and It will 
cause TESTFILE.TXT from the Working drive to be 
associated with INPUT -FILE. The name of a variable that 
contains a string that Is the name of a file may also be 
used. 

I think, after seeing the capabilities of this language 
In the area of defining records, and formatting outputs, 
I would use It to write specific data handling software. 
I can see that a lot of the thinking that went Into the 
currently available database management software came 
from COBOL- Since the language was designed to handle 
data processing needs. It really ought to shine In such 
applications. 



It Is obviously seriously lacking In the capabilities 
that would make It a good language In which to write 
systems software or major number crunching programs. 
One notable lack In COBOL Is the ova llab 111 -ry of "local 
variables", and right along with that, the Capability of 

Sasslng parameters to "paragraphs"- All variables are 
L06AL. and the various paragraphs do their thtnqby 
modifying the global variables. In spite of This 
limitation, the language has enough statement types to 
allow pret well structured programs- 

Though I have used GO TO In the example program, It 
would not be hard to eliminate It In most instances. 
Some of the so-called GOTO-less languages ("C" for 



example) have eliminated the GOTO by calling It something 

ayword BREAK Is used)- Though I 

realize that BREAK Is limited to couslng exit to the 



else (sometimes the keyworc 



statement after the loop In which It Is used. It really Is 
a GOTO. I've used GO TO Just as I would use BREAK, In 
the SUBSTITUTION paragraph, allowing me to skip the 
remainder of the code after I have performed the 
necessa y action- 
Well, though this turned out to be a discussion and 
"sort of a review". It Is getting very long, and I am going 
to have to quit here. If there are any COBOL 
programmers out there, I suppose one or more of them 
wl II see that I have missed an easy way to convert upper 
to lower case, please let me know how dumb I am. I'll 
print any comments you might hove. If anyone out there 
knows of a G000 bocfc on Cobol, please let me know about 
It also. 



Reviewed by: Ron Anderson 

Compusense Crunch Cobol: 

Available from: SOUTH EAST MEDIA 

Call ToW-free - see advertising this Issue 



Price: Regular $199.00 
Special Introduction - 199.99 



22 



'66' Micro Journal 



PRODUCT REVIEW 
DATASYSTEMS 
68 COMPUTER 



PROOUCT REVIEW DATASYSTEMS 68 COMPUTER 
•• NOW DIGITAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS (of Texas) •• 

Stewart D. Lyon 
19943 Armlnta St. 
Wlnnelka, CA 91306 

INTRODUCTION 

Like many other hobbyists, my first experience 
with computers was with the Motorola D2 kit- I 
spent a lot of time hand coding that thing. At one 
time I could write programs without looking at a 
manual--l had the entire 6800 code memorized! I 
gradually built up the D2 kit to Include a video 
monitor, 32K rom and a real keyboard — no more hex 
keypad. The next big step was a TRS-80C. Finally, I 
acquired a disk system and FLEX. Actually the 
TRS-80C was my son's Christmas present. To settle 
a lot of fomlly squabbles, and because I was tired 
of the TRS-80C screen and keyboard, ( started 
looking for a "real" 6809 computer. That's when I 
ran across DATA SYSTEMS' ad In this Journal. By 
this time, I had parlayed my 6800 experience Into 
bul Idlng several dedicated computers for rocket 
payload control; consequently, I felt this was a 
project I could handle. My twenty or so years 8S a 
ham and as an engineer added to my confidence. So, 
off went my order. 

The boards I ordered from DATA SYSTEMS 68 were: 

a) CPU-6809 (the processor board) 

b) 6845 Video Display 

c) 0RAM-64K Rom board 

d) FDC-50 Floppy Disk Controller 

e) MULTI-1/0 Board 

f) DUAL SERIAL INTERFACE Card, and 

g) THE MOTHER BOARD 

What arrived was a beautiful set of boards and 
about 3/4" of manuals. The boards are glass epoxy 
with double sided copper and solder masking. Most 
of the boards are 1/16" thick except for the 
mother board which Is 3/32" thick. A separate 
manual Is provided for each board, each Including a 
short section on theory, a brief construction 
guide (this ain't no Heathklt), a schematic, parts 
list, assembly drawing and, where necessary, some 
software. 

DS68 assumes that you have access to another FLEX 
system with an EPROM burner and a suitable monitor 
such as SWIP's SBU6 E. Also you'll need a General 
Version of FLEX. Additionally, you will require a 
power supply, keyboard, video monitor, enclosure, 
disk drives and probably a printer. All DS68 Is 
selling you Is blank boards* 

Assembling the boards was easy (once I gathered up 
al I the parts), getting to work was fun, and 
building the enclosure was a pain In the neck. I 
really have a problem punching oblong connector 
holes. After about six months of effort, I have a 
computer that Is as contemporary as any and didn't 
cost a fortune. It was a lot of work but that's 
what a hobby Is all about. 

Following Is a board by board description of the 
DS6B computer and my Impressions. 



CPU BOARD 

The CPU 6809 board Includes the 6809 processor, 
Its clock, a baud rate generator (with a separate 
1.84 nUz crystal), and space for two banks of 4k 
PROM (or RAM). This on-board memory consists of 
two 2716 type sockets at SF000 and two at SF890 
(dip switch selectable). A 4 mHz crystal Is used 
to provide a I mHz E clock. The data buss drivers 
are 8835 devices compatible with the Inverted 
nature of the SS-50 buss. 

I Installed my monitor at IF800 (more about that 
later) and a 6116 CMOS RAM at 1F0OO for com 
out-of-the-way RAM. Provisions are made to use the 
baud rate outputs (to the buss) as memory bank 
switching rathar than baud clocks. Since the 
mother board also Includes a baud-rote generator 
uslng the same circuit, I elected not to use the 
one on the CPU board, and as I had only one RAM 
board, I didn't Implement the bank switching 
either. The board Includes provisions for latching 
an external BREQ and HALT o I though there Is no 
reason to do so on the board set I have. 

Once I figured out what not to Install, this board 
went together with no problems and worked the 
first time I tuned It on. 

VI0E0 DISPLAY 

The video display board provides a memory-mapped 
video terminal for the SS-50 buss using the 6845 
video controller. Output Is both composite video 
to directly drive a monitor and separate video and 
sync at TTL levels. A 12.576 mHz crystal (where do 
you get one of those?) supplies the dot clock- 
Included Is a one-page memory (4-2l16s) and space 
for a character set In a 2716 PROM. No provisions 
are made for Inverted video or graphics nor does 
the board Include a PIA for a keyboard Interface. 
The design does not use any of the techniques to 
eliminate "spreckles" on the screen when both the 
CPU and the 6845 access the video memory. 

The major problem I had with this board was 
getting the crystal to oscillate. I found that by 
replacing the 470 ohm resistor with a IK and 
adding another IK between pins 3 and 4 of the 
Inverter, I could get reliable crystal starting. 
The circuit Is then the same as Motorola uses on 
one of their video boards- There are already 
unmarked pads for the second )K. Further, I found 
that there was a race condition with the 7404 
Inverter which was solved by replacing It with a 
74LS04. The assembly documentation supplied with 
the board Is mostly good except neither the 
schematic nor the assembly drawing had reference 
designators for the ICs (U-nurabers) • This 
sometimes made It difficult to (Ind the right part 
without tracing the circuit on the board. The PC 
board Itself did have references sllkscreened on, 
but they didn't relate to onythlng. 

Software supplied by DS68 for the video board 
Include video drivers and a character set to be 
burned Into a EPR0M. The drivers were apparently 
copied from Motorola's C6UG and are Intended to 
overlay tape routines In the SMTP SBUG. I used 
neither the driver nor the character set, electing 
to write my own. 

Most video boards end up requiring dot clocks 
that mean, for the one-off builder, ordering a 
special crystal. Since I already had a 15 mHz 
crystal, I decided to try to use It. After 
struggling with the 6845 data sheet, I finally 
wrote a BASIC program to help set up the CRTC. I 
ended up with some non-standard horizontal and 
vertical frequencies (15,756 Hz and 50.02 Hz), but 



'68' Micro Journal 



23 



they work veil on ray medium quality monitor. More 
on a I I the software later. 

64K RAM 

The 64K RAM board uses 4116 dynamic RAMS In the 
memory and 3242 and 3480 as control lers (both 
Motorola parts). Two delay lines are used to set 
up the various clocking patterns- The board Is 
addressable In 4K blocks, allowing one to steer 
around the 1/0 and ROM above SE000. Also, It Is 
possible to bank-switch for systems larger than 
64K. 

This board gave me the most trouble through no 
fault of DS68. I used RAM chips salvaged from many 
conversions of TRS-80Cs to 64K. This was a big 
mistake and held up the completion of the computer 
longer than I'll admit. Once I Instal led new RAM 
chips the board worked perfectly. BUY 0000 RAMS! 
When the RAM board Is ordered, the delay lines 
should be ordered at the same time because they 
are special and not available anyplace else (that I 
cou Id find). 

DISK O0NTROLLER FDC-50 

The disk controller board Is the most complicated 
of the boards available from 0S68 and well It 
should be — It has a tough task to do. The design 
of the board closely follows Western Digital 
practice as described In their data sheets and app 
notes. A WD 1791 controller Is used which allows 
both single- and double-density formats. Data 
separation Is done by the preferred phase-lock- 
loop method. The controller will control up to 
four 5 1/4" drives, although the power supply Is 
rated for only two. I am currently running three 
drives from the supply and haven't seen any smoke 
yet. 

The board went together easily and, after correct- 
ing of what seemed to be a mlswlre of one control, 
worked well. Most circuits show R1 (the precomp 
control) as grounded on the bottom of the pot. 
This Is easily fixed by a little trace cutting and a 
Jumper wire. 

Software supplied by DS68 for this card Included 
source for driver routines, patches for TSC's 
NEWDISK.CMD and a BOOT routine (my manual was 
missing the BOOT). The drivers support single- and 
double-density and single- and double-sided 
drives. There Is also partial capability to read 40 
track disks on an 80 track drive. Unfortunately, 
there Is no way to tell the routine that a 40 
track disk Is Inserted. Barrle Smith, In the Feb- 
'84 BIT BUCKET, described a neat solution that 
works. My drives include a Shugart SA460 80 track 
double-sided which requires a time delay before 
switching sides. I fixed this with some additional 
logic In the SEEK routine. 

The NEWDISK patches declare the format at assembly 
time (so does TSC's). This Is OK If you have only 
one kind of drive. Since I have several, I adopted 
Steve Odneal's F-MATE(RS) patches that allow 
Inputting format parameters at run time. 

DS68 has a DMA board avalleble that works In 

conjunction with the disk controller for faster 

data transfer but since I don't have the board, I 
can't report on It. 



The baud clocks for 
board, either on 
board. In the normal 
PI A ports Is ex 
Interface; the remal 
whatever the user 
ports are buffered, 
the SE7EO-JE7F8 
access Is also provl 



the AClAs Is generated off the 

the CPU card or on the mother 

SS-50 buss manner. One of the 

pected to be used as a keyboard 

nlng three are available for 

desires. None of the parallel 

The board Is addressable In 

area by Jumpers- NMI and IRQ 

ded by Jumpers. 



The construction and operation of the 1/0 card Is 
straightforward and no problems were experienced. 
I added a 74LS240 buffer to Interface with my 
parel lei printer and a counter circuit that Is 
part of a tracer routine In my monitor. Both of 
these circuits were mounted to the card by double 
-backed tape and scramble wired. 

DUAL SERIAL INTERFACE CARD 

This card provides two serial ports with buffering 
to RS-232 levels end mounts In a SS-30 port on the 
mother board. The circuitry Is the same as the 
serial ports of the Multl-l/0 board described 
above. There Is a switch driven flip-flop on this 
board that connects to the NMI line that can be 
used for single-stepping- To quote the manual, 
"..additional software Is required". 

Unless you require more then two serial ports, I'd 
recommend you not purchase this card. Not that 
there's anything wrong with It, Just that the 
Multl-l/0 has the same serial capability and you 
will need the parallel ports of the Multl-l/0 for 
keyboard Interface. 



eight 50-pln 
Included on the 

and address 
Decoding can be 
the preferred 



MOTHER BOARD 

The Mother Board has sockets for 
boards and eight 30-pin boards- 
board I s e baud rate generator 
decoding for the 30-pin sockets- 
done In any 4K block, Including 
SE000 erea. A MCI 4411 and 1.8432 mHz crystal ere 
used In the baud rate generator end provide ell of 
the standard baud clocks from 1 10 Hz to 9.6 kHz. 
The 110, 300, 1200, 4800 and 9600 Hz outputs are 
currently buffered but this can be easily changed. 
The board Is fabricated from 3/32" epoxy material 
and Is quite sturdy. 

POWER SUPPLY AN0 ENCLOSURE 

DS68 does not sel I either a power supply or a case 
for the computer: here you are on your own. The 
possibilities are to either buy from another SS-50 
supplier or moke your own. I chose the latter. For 
the power supply, I used a transformer Intended 
for S-100 systems with bridge rectifiers and 
filter capacitors from my Junk box. A LMB Unl-Pac 
(7"XI7"XI4"> was used for the case. Be sure to 
Include a fan (and air exit holes) If your case Is 
closed. It gets hot In there. 

ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE 

As mentioned earlier, DS68 assumes that you own a 
copy of the General Version of FLEX and that you 
have a monitor such as SMTP SBUG E. Supplied with 
the various board manuals are source listings 
pertinent to that board. In my case, I did not 
have a monitor and I wanted to customize same of 
the DS68 software. 



MULT I -1/0 BOARD 

The Multl-l/0 card contains two 6850 AC I As and two 
6821 PIAs providing Iwo serial ports end four 
8-blt parallel ports. Buffering Is provided for 
the ACIAs (by 1488s and 1489s) to RS-232 levels. 



Software that I have written for the computer 
Includes the following: 

a) S-MON - a firmware monitor. 

b) An enhenement of the disk driver - 1/0 
routines provided by DS68. 



24 



'66' Micro Journal 



c> A "NEVOATE" routine that keeps the current 
dote on the BOOT so that the date doesn't 
have to be Input every time on multiple 
boots on the saute day. 

d) An adaption of NEV/DISK (called FORMAT) that 
a I lows formatting parameters to be declared 
at run time. 

e) A CAT. CM) that confclnes TSC's CAT and a DIR 
.CM) described In '68' Mlcrojournal. 

f) A BASIC program for setting up the MC6845. 
e) An Improved character set with "nicer" 

descenders for the video board. 
h> An offset binary loader - like GET with an 
offset. 



•• A disk containing 
above software has 



the source code for the 
been supplied to the 
Journal. However, at this writing I don't If or how 
It will be made available. Some or all of the 
programs may be published. As for the monitor 
and character set, you will need access to an EPROH 
burner to use them. I may be talked Into burning 
the EPROMS If It doesn't get to be a big hassle. 
Or maybe DS68 can be convinced to offer them as a 
product. 

COST 

Below Is the approximate cost of my complete 0S68 
computer. I'm sure I left some things out, but the 
total Is not too bad considering the result. 

Circuit boards (DS68) $325 

SS-50 connectors and delay llnes(DS68> 95 

IC's (JDR Mlcrodevlces) 250 

Additional IC's (Rams, etc) 150 

Connectors 50 

Power Supply 50 

Enclosure and Fan (LMB) 75 

Video Monitor (Sanyo) 150 

Keyboard 1 35 

Approx. Total 11280 

Printer and Disk Drives (shop around) 7 

IN CONCLUSION 

Was It worth It? For me - yes. I have a computer 
that has a I I the features I need at a price I can 
live with. If, however, you are not comfortable 
with a schematic or a soldering Iron, then this Is 
not for you. Or If you have to pay for somebody's 
time to put It together, then there are better 
ways to go. But If you're Into computers as a 
hobby and enjoy putting things together, then you 
should seriously consider the 0S68 computer. SOL 



-AStCML MOTE: 

From time to time I have expounded upon my rood's as 
an 'original' Standard S50 Bus computer hobbyists* I 
know many successful (and some rich) professionals who 
started as a hobbyists, with a SW7PC, SSB, MSI, Altalr or 
Sphere, and grew professionally from there. Betcha most 
of you never heard of Sphere, they sold 6800 kits also. In 
the dark ages . 

I could spend hours reciting to you stories, mostly 
true, of hobbyists, I have had the pleasure of knowing, 
who were transformed practically Instantly from pure 
hobbyists to skilled professional, and most coulc 
practically name their price. In those days hands on 
experience was the key attribute and academics were 
secondary. Actually In those days there were no micro 
academics, but there were a lot of hobbyists doing their 
thing, and that thing was exactly what the explosive 
micro Industry was looking for. Now those days are now 
gone, forever- The woods are full of high class colleges 
and universities loaded to the gills with nlcro-cosputer 
related classes. Micro (experts?) are be I no turned out 



by the buckets full. But back then, when getting the 
Job done right was the primary requirement, the 
hobbyists were the foks who got the ball rolling. I still 
pride myself as being a - hobbyists. I like to build. I 
get Immense pleasure In watching the boards, parts, 
software (mostly home-brewed) and all the other stuff 
come together Into a computer that I can rightly say 
about - "I BUILT ITr 

This brings me to this, the hobbyists has practically 
no place to turn nowadays, for 6809 kits and boards. 
The reasons are varied, but basically they are the old 
saw of economics. Too little profit and too much work, 
with a small marketplace. The last of the full time kit 
board houses stopped advertising 6809 kits and bare 
boards a few months back - Data Systems 68. The 
reason, (see four lines up)! 

Now, It Is well known that I have always had, and 
always will hove a very special feeling about that group of 
us 'called' hobbyists. Without us the explosion would 
have struggled much harder In the beginning to really 
bang. Fact Is without us it still might be In the early 
formative stages. A lot of engineering know-how was 
developed by 'us' debugging someone elses hardware or 
software. Wonder where they would be now without us at 
that time? However, I cannot fault anyone for leaving the 
hobby marketplace. It Is a tough one. Answering what 
saems to be an endless stream of 'stupid' beginners (and 
some not beginners) whys, hows and wheres. Well, stupid 
It might have seemed but as I remember It, we ail, at 
times asked the same questions. But for all the 
reasons, until now, the hobby and professional or 
commercial kit and bare-board suppliers have about all 
grown away or faded from view. Leaving the guy, or gal, 
who has the desire, because of economics or pride of 
'doing', without a one-stop source of the basic and 
fundamental building block - bare boards thet worfcl 

I have received more letters and telephone calls 
concerning the above subject, than any other, over the 
past years, as It got worse and worse. Go back a few 
years and compare how many companies, large and small, 
were selling bare boards and kits, with what Is 
advertised today. Where did they all go? Well, most went 
down the tube. Some for poor business sense, soma 
because of poor products (not many), some because the 
'hand-holding' was Just too much and there was more 
money to be made elsewhere, and some grew Into bigger 
and better things. But no matter what the reason, the 
ultimate loser was the, right - hobbyists (or is It 
professional who needs to modify a particular board 
function), I really don't know, but I do know that 
hundreds of you have lamented, to me, the passing of kits 
and good bare boards. 

This past week I have entered Into an agreement with 
Data System 68 to exclusively distribute their boards 
and other hobby-kit products to our readers. In an 
attempt to avoid soae of the problems that caused then 
to leave the market, some slight price adjustments will 
be made over what was advertised In their final ads. 
Most Items however, will be sold at the last advertised 
prices. Since I started 68 Micro Journal, um 6 year s 
•go, I have euoa (It-He If eny mmwjf from I*. Bet duo to 
other business considerations we haws eede ends meet 
and staved off the wolf* Mow, with your help. If I 
understand whet you have been telling am, I wlH stick 
with this for as long m I donH lose our corporate shlrH 
But you gotta help. 

Agreed that the quality of these boards are above 
average and that the price Is certainly right, and even 
If you all buy a tot. It still might not work. We can only 
answer so many questions and 1 hold so many hands. While 
our support will be good I feel thet you should realize 
that It does take so*e level of skill to do the whole 
thing right. If you have METER soldered a wire or put .a 
kit or board together, well, you might have sone 
problems. I know many, manv who built kits thet worked 



'68' Micro Journal 



2b 



the first time around, but some didn't. However, for the 
not-felgn of heart, I suspect you will find It a rewarding 
and enjoyable adventure. The knowledge gained by 
trouble shooting your mistakes (and possibly ours, 
although I hope not) and twiddling the software to your 
liking to develop your very own, built by me, computer, 
that works as well as those 'store bought ready rolled' 
ones, Is a thrill that only the doing can bring about. 

OMW 



Another Editors* Note: Since the above was written 
there has been a nice change. I am NOT going to be In 
the board business - we were able to Interest DIGITAL 
RESEARCH OGWUTER (of Texas) Into buying out the entire 
Una of boards. As most of you know what a swell job they 
have done with boards and kit, even to a full 64K 6809 
Computer kit. My main concern Is fulfilled; that Is that 
a complete line of bare boards be available to you who 
still like or need to 'roll your own', i am always glad not 
to get Into anything that conflicts with my other 
advertisers. BUT, if someone does NOT do It, I will. In 
this case it turns out fine. 

Thanks Jim, looking forward to your new line of 6809 
computer boards. 



REMOTE ANALOG TO 
DIGITAL CONVERSION 

REMOTE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION 

An MCI 4469 addressable asynchronous 
receiver /transmitter interfaced to an A0C0B17 analog 
to digital converter OS shown in the accompanying 
schematics. Control of the AART and A/D converter 
was effected by a serial interface card on PORT 4. 
Sixteen channels of data can be sampled and received 
by a remote computer using transmit, receive and 
ground lines, in addition to this, another eight 
bit word can be sampled by the AART. Since the AART 
Is hardware programmed to respond to a particular 
address which the computer sends out, as many as 128 
AART's can be tied to the transmit, receive and 
ground I Ines. 

Once the MC6850 of the serial Interface card has 
been Initialized to transmit and receive In a 8 bit 
word, even parity, and one stop bit format, a unique 
address is sent out. Command words are then sent to 
the AART to start the A/D conversion for the channel 
selected. When the A/D conversion Is complete, the 
end of conversion pulse causes the AART to send two 
words of data to the serial card. The second word 
is the eight bit value of the voltage for the 
channel selected. The eight bits of the first word 
and three bits of the command word are available for 
other uses. The AART communicates back and forth 
with the serial card at 4800 baud. A 307.2 Khz 
ceramic resonator was obtained from Radio Materials 
Company, 4242 N. Bryn Mawr Avenue, Chicago IL 
60646. Their minimum order is J150.00. An 
opto Isolator was used to translate the to +5 volt 
excursions of the AART to +12 and -12 volt levels. 
The collector to emitter voltage of the opto Isolator 
should be rated at about 40 volts. A 5 volt power 
supply with a DC/DC converter can be used to provide 
the +12 and -12 volts. Otherwise, In addition to 
the 5 volt supply, a +12 and -12 volt supply must be 
provided. 



The BASIC program REMOTE calls a USR routine which 
samples all sixteen channels of the A/D converter. 
The value of the first eight bit word Is reported 
also. The assembly language program REAT0OM samples 
all sixteen channels of the A/0 converter as well as 
the first eight bit word. 



Jeffrey M, Craig 

Apt. 912 - 3001 S. King Dr. 

Chicago, IL 60616 

21 August 1982 

:.•*»! THIS PRKftM USCS FLEI 2 MXITIWS 

3.**-l THIS fSMRA* USES W «mt« ADDRESSABLE KYRCWOHOUS RECEIVER 
t.l#--l IAANSNITTEA 10 CONTROL A AEWTE MALIK TO DIB1TA1. CONVERTER 
■.H.I VIA A SERIAL INTERFACE 

?.#*• HAH SEATOOn 
9.H-- DPI PA6 
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18. H- 

I'.H'I CONFIGURE MSI ID DIVIDE INC0KIN6 DATA BY 16 CLOCK 
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.N-USm IDA A IUMUHI 
22. M' STA A CWIAL 

n.H't CHECK TO SEE IF TRANSMT DAIA REGISTER IS EHPTY 
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17. *»» ME START 



26 



'68' Micro Journal 



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?•■ 



68' Micro Journal 



27 



6809 FLEX 



DISKETTE 



INVENTORY 



It is easy to acquire diskettes 
containing potentially useful files. 
For safety reasons, it is best to copy 
these files onto other diskettes. 
However, it is quite often hard to 
remember which diskettes contain backup 
copies of each file. The solution to 
this problem is to create an inventory 
of all files indicating how many copies 
of each file exist and which diskettes 
contain the copies. This article 
describes a program to generate just 
such an inventory. 

The program makes several 
assumptions as follows. You must have a 
6809 microcomputer using the FLEX* disk 
operating system and at least two disk 
drives. You must have the TSC Sort/Merge 
software package. The diskettes to be 
inventoried must be in FLEX" format and 
should have unique volume numbers, but 
all may have the same volume name. If 
you do not have 2K bytes of memory 
mapped to start at address A000 or do 
not have a serial printer on port 7, 
simple changes must be made to the 
program as described later. 

The program is easy to use and is 
shown in Listing 1. Place in drive 
the master program diskette containing 
the following files: "index. crad", 
"sortspec.bin", "S.CMD", "PS0RT.CMD", 
"SRTMRG.SYS", and "LIST.CMD". The 
command "0. index" causes the process to 
begin. A prompt is given to insert into 
drive 1 a diskette containing plenty of 
free space. Several work files will be 
placed on this diskette. This diskette 
must not be removed until all processing 
is completed. These work files will be 
deleted leaving only the file 
"diskindx.txt" which contains the final 
inventory. Soon the prompt "insert disk 
in drive and press return. Press "S" 
to stop." will appear. Each diskette to 
be inventoried is inserted in turn into 
drive and the return key pressed. The 
master program diskette may be included 
in the inventory, but the work diskette 
(in drive 1) may not be included. If 
the directory of any diskette cannot be 



read, a prompt will appear to remove the 
diskette and reinsert it. After all 
directories have been read, press the 
"S" key in response to the prompt for 
another diskette. Either upper or lower 
case "S" will work. Reinsert the master 
program diskette into drive and press 
the return key in response to the 
prompt. The TSC Sort/Merge program will 
sort the files into alphabetic order by 
the file name extension and file name. 
(I.e., the CMD files will come before 
the TXT files.) A prompt will then 
appear requesting a title of up to 40 
characters for the inventory. The date 
of the inventory and the volume name (if 
common to all the diskettes) are 
appropriate as part of the title. This 
title will appear at the top of each 
page of the inventory. After a pause to 
combine multiple occurrences of the same 
file into a single entry and create the 
final inventory, the final inventory 
will be printed on a serial printer on 
port 7. If the printer is attached 
through port 0, change the "0.S" in the 
familiar FLEX command portion of line 
number 373 in the listing to "0.S#0". 
If a parallel printer is attached to 
port 7, change the "0.S" to "0.P" and 
replace the file "S.CMD" on the master 
program diskette by the file "P.CHD". 
FLEX entry points may need to be changed 
for eight inch diskettes. Other minor 
changes may be needed to adapt the 
program to your system. 

A quick look through the program 
will show its basic organization. Lines 
14 through 28 simply permit meaningful 
names to be used in place of certain 
constants. Lines 32 through 39 issue 
the prompt to insert the work diskette 
in drive 1 and initialize the first work 
file. (The format of each record in the 
work file is described in lines 340 
through 346.) Lines 41 through 86 issue 
the prompt to insert the next diskette 
to be indexed in drive (41-47), read 
the volume number (48-59), read each 
directory entry (66-76), and write the 
work file records (77-84). After all 
information has been extracted from the 
diskette, lines 89 through 109 close the 
first work file (89-92), call the FLEX 
sort routine to sort the records into a 

second work file (same format) (93-105), 
and then delete the first work file 
(106-109). Lines 110 through 127 prompt 
for a title for the final output. 



26 



'68' Micro Journal 



Backspace (cntl H) and cancel (cntl X) 
are recognized. Lines 128 through 144 
prepare the files on the work diskette. 
Lines 145 through 215 remove duplicate 
file names and format the final output. 
(The format of the final output is 
described in lines 350 through 359.) 
This process is complicated by the fact 
that upper and lower case file names are 
considered equivalent. The case of each 
character in the file name is taken from 
the first occurrence of the file. For 
example, in the sample output, diskette 
14 contained "LIST.CMD". Diskettes 19 
and 33 contained "list.cmd" and diskette 
27 contained "list.CMD". All these are 
considered equivalent. When all 
information from the sorted work file 
has been processed, lines 217 through 
236 output the final output records and 
delete the sorted work file. Lines 237 
through 245 cause the final output to be 
printed and return control to the 
operating system. Several minor 
subroutines follow. The subroutine in 
lines 261 through 267 outputs the header 
line for the top of each page. Lines 
269 through 276 output a record to the 
final file. The subroutine in lines 282 
through 320 converts 16-bit binary 
numbers to five-character ASCII numbers 
with leading blanks, if necessary. 
Lines 362 through 365 contain variables 
used by the program. Lines 368 through 
371 contain file names needed to 
redirect the FCBs. Work file names are 
purposely made odd to avoid any possible 
duplication. Lines 373 through 376 are 
the FLEX commands used by the program. 
Lines 378 through 391 are the prompts to 
the user. Lines 394 and 395 are the 
construction area for the final output 
record. Lines 379 through 400 contain 
the top of page header. Lines 402 and 
403 are the input FCB . Lines 405 
through 409 are the overlapped output 
FCB. 

A sort specification file named 
"sortspec.bin" must also be on the 
master program disk. The easiest way to 
create this file is to use the TSC SORT 
command. This program will issue a 
series of prompts fori; aero t parameters. 
The exact prompts probably depend upon 
the version of the TSC sort package you 
have, but they should look something 
like those in TABLE I. You should 
respond to each prompt as shown in TABLE 
I. Each response is terminated by a 



carriage return, and some responses are 
only a carriage return. 

In short, this program fills a need 
for anyone experiencing difficulty 
keeping track of diskette files. This 
program is straightforward and can be 
easily modified to meet the system 
configuration of any 6809 FLEX user 
having two or more disk drives. If you 
do not wish to input the program 
yourself, I will send you a FLEX 
formatted minidiskette containing the 
program (in both text and command forms) 
and the "sortspec.bin" file for S5. 



FLEX" is a registered trademark of 
Technical Systems Consultants, Inc., 
Layfayette, Indiana. 

TABLE I 
SORTSPEC.BIN File Creation Prompts 

output to disk? y 

filename? 1 .Q-XZVJGW.QHB 

intermediate work file drive? 1 

fixed or variable length records? 

EOR character? 

field separator character? 

output from key, input, or other? 

input keys 

? 9-11,1-8,17-21 

7 

output keys 

7 

further options? y 

input file text or binary? 

alternate collating sequence? 

lower case equivalent to upper? y 

delete records with blank keys? 

select/exclude option? 

output text file or binary? 

print messages? 

save parameters? y 

filename? 0.S0RTSPEC.BIN 

exit or proceed? e 






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'68' Micro Journal 



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SUPPORT YOUR 
ADVERTISERS 



'66' Micro Journal 



31 



LOG 



The 'LOG' utility 



By:NlcoC. Yssel 
Elger 20 

11*1 CO Monntekendam 
Netherlands 
Tel: 02995-4208 



*l I I I I M I I » I » t » M » t » I • I I I » I 1 < I T I 11 I * I * I I I I I I < * 

• N.B, N.B. tf.B. M.B. N.B. N.B. N.B. N.B. N.B. 
|| l I I I ■ l I I I I « I • I ' i I I I I l l I I l t * I t l t I M I t I 1 1 M I t J 

• COE. CttSSMH TO mmz hoc is 

• TOJIB IT IF XQC Ml fOUOtCO Br 901F 

• SET PCM EM If CODE IS NOT REQUIRED 

ftlliHMtlfl I IMIIIItllinillM 1*1111 Mtlllll 

t 

»oi «oc egu i raiiraR EOflfuca 



The programs, which together form the LOG utility, 
will enable the FLEX user to copy all terminal I/O to a 
file. 

It is often useful, especially In tricky situations, 
to be able to see what you have been doing. Therefore I 
decided to write a LOG command for FLEX. The version of 
FLEX I am currently using Is 2.B:3, the programs ara 
written In standard TSC 6809 assembler. AsL0G.CMD 
relocates Itself, the programs cannot be used on a 6800 
FLEX version. 

The syntax to Invoke the log function ts: 

LOG <fd> 

in which <fd> Is a standard FLEX file descriptor. The 
extension defaults to '.LOG'. Do not use an extension, 
as It will be overwritten anyway - 

To end the log function enter: 

LOG OFF 



It Is obvious that the only log file ne 
Is "OFF. LOG'. 



you cannot use 



The program 'L0G.CH3' will open a log file. It then 
relocates Itself below MEMEN0, setting ME&N0 to the new 
value. It will save and overlay the vectors INCM2, 00TCH2 
and FMSCLS, then It returns to FLEX. If the file 
descriptor happens to be 'OFF' the reverse takes place, 
and the log file will be closed. The ovelsy of the vector 
INCH2 was necessary In my system, as the echo of Input 
characters Is done by the monitor, bypassing the 0UTCH2 
trap. In other systems the echo may be done in a 
dlffenrent way, using the 0UTCH2 vector, In which case 
the Input part of the program can be removed (seethe 
eommsnts In the source listing*. 

To notify the user of the fact that a log file Is 
running, the FLEX prompt will change to '>>>' as long as 
the log file Is active. 

As the log function tends to take up a lot of disk 
space. I have Included a commend XL. CM), which removes 
files with the extension '.LOG', approximately In tha same 
way as the command 'XOU 1 ' . I have Included XL Into my 
STARTUP file, thus automatically removing all log files at 
system startup time. 



• Flf I lABEL EQUATES 



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IC003 


CI 15 


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con 


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ICC 43 


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CCAC iTOTT EOU ICCAC 



IOC UiU BE DtSMED " 



CIOC 



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STARTI WAND* (MR VERSION 
tgi.t2E.«0.t3A,<80 V. 1.0:0 



SYSFU SET WHIER0 



A LOGLIST.CMD has been included, using .LOG as 
default extension and suppressing the extra line feed of 
LIST.CMD. 

Even If you feel that you have no use for a log 
function. It ts fun to try It out. 

N.B. Some progr s do not use GETCHR or PUTCHR I! 



LOO OTWO (LC0.ODI WITH AUIOIAIIC 

loggi* of ne casou dialogue. 

THIS PROCRAA «JJ5 TIC iTIMM S. TO DELETE 
OLD LOG FILES. 

USE O. IN TOW STARTUP FUE 
USE LOCUST TO LIST TIC LOO FUE 

BY Nuo C. \Jiit\. 
ELDER 20. 1141 CO WtMIDXMMr!, 
NEDGHAME 
TEL OW3-4208 



• ttl<IM>4tl>f(<f>ll<ftfl<ltl><MII<M<-ttH«t 

t 

• TIC FdUUINC CODE GETS TIC LOG FUE 

• NMC «H> PUT IT INTO TIC FCS. 

• IF 11C LOO FILE NAfC IS 'OFF' HEM 
i IIC LOGGIW ACTION UIU BE TSniWTED 

• 

t |t a | a.j ■,* | liiafci-i a 11##aj# , 1##1#I#H li iii | * §■■ !■■■■ 



CIOC X 


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Hltl<*IH4HIIHt4f 
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• TIC NEXT CODE OCTXS TO SEE IF IIC FUE 
< NAfC IS OFT'. FOUOMEJ BY ALL ZERO'S 

t 

4 Ht|l|i*ll iii 



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32 



'68' Micro .lournal 



C125 E3 


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• ID 


BE RESTORED AFT"3» LOG HAS EMEU. « 

• 


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CI 74 2A 
C176 (X 
CI79 FB 
C17C 87 
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C187 5A 
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C1M 34 



• W OEIK ifHfft EMI. SAVE IT. WD 

• SUBTRACT DC SHE V TIC RELOCATABLE 

• part td rem space for log me no 

• RELOCATE IT. 






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IFA D.« MEN rEMM) O V 

HAY I.V START IS 1 HIGHER 

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LEAt PIPART.PCA J POINTS 10 PART 2 

TS1D ( »IOO TO ICVE7 

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C2I3 AF 


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! SAVE II 


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HMiiiiiiHMiiiimHlmr 

I i 

• NDM {70LAY TIE VECTORS FOR FVTDil • 

• AM) FOR FRSaOSE NtTH LOG ENTRIES. • 

t • 



C24S 30 

C249 8F 

C24C 30 

C250 8F 



COT 30 
C237 BF 



80 0034 
0404 
80 0O0O 
CDI3 



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80 104* 

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asve 

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INPUT, PCS 
1NDCV 



C25A 7E CTJ03 



Jf UAJK 



'68' Micro Journal 



33 



COT 20 OE 



C23F 
Oil 
C263 
CM 
C263 



C267 

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OUTPUT 

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GENERAL PURPOSE 
INTERFACE BUS 



BY: J.C.MOORE 
1 THE SPINNEY, 
FLEET, 

HANTS, ENGLANO 
THE MCS848B ANO THE GPIB 



I ntroductlon 

When Camnodore Introduced the PET using the GfilB 
(General Purpose Interface Bus) as Its principle 
Interfoce and only nieons of connecting a printer or 
disk drives they olso storted a new departure In 
low-cost control and logging systems for laboratory 
Instruments. Since then many other manufacturers 
have offered the same Interface on their cemputw" 
systems- I first become Involved with the fcpiB when 
asked to provide a way of transferring a large 



35 



Update to ELEKTRA! 



Package *1 

2 MHz 6809 CPU Board 
Super Floppy Controller 
OS-9" w/Edit. Asm. Debugger 

$695.00 



Package *2 

2 MHz 6809 CPU Board 
Super Floppy Controller 
4K Humbug 1 " and Star-Dos 1 ' 

$675.00 



Package *3 

2 MHz 6809 CPU Board 
Super Floppy Controller 
(No software) 

$550.00 



ELEKTRA OS-9™ with Editor. Assembler, and Debugger $250.00 

ELEKTRA STAR-DOS™ (Adaptation Guide: $50.00) $75.00 

OS-9 T " Super Modem Program by Epstein Associates $100.00 

ELEKTRA Super Floppy Controller 

(Supports SD, DD. SS, DS, 5", 8", 1MHz. 2MHz, 8 Drives 
Emulates the DC1, DC-2, DC-3, *28. *38, *48, # 58 Controllers 
Perfect upgrade for the DC4 $295.00 

Drivers for TSC's versions of FLEX 1 " or STAR-DOS'" (user installed) $30.00 
OS-9'* Drivers (Reads and writes CoCo format too, user installed) $50.00 

8" Floppy Drive Special w/manual, 90 day warranty 

Siemens FDD 100-8 (SSDD) $135.00 

Siemens FDD 200-8 (DSDD) $185.00 

Removable Cartridge Winchester Drive (See next page for systems) $1995.00 

2MHz Memory Boards with on board DAT 
by Computer Excellence. Inc. 

256K $749.00 51 2K $1495.00 
1M $2495.00 



Mizar 68000 - VME Development System with 256K RAM, 360K Floppy, 

10 Mbyte Winchester, 4 Serial Ports (synchronous and/or asynchronous), 

OS-9, Screen Editor, Assembler, "C" compiler, and SAS1 interface $6495.00 







M 






• - -fflffpf 




Phone: 

AAA Chicago Computer Center 

Technical Consultation available most weekdays from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. CST 
(312) 4590450 120 Chestnut Lane 

See our catalog and ordering information on the next page. 



Wheeling. 1L 60090 



36 



68' Micro Journal 



ELEKTRA COMPUTER SYSTEM Includes chassis dual port aerial interface with Ian 
cablet. CPU S-^. 4K HuiWoa MK alalic RAM super lk>ppy contractor with inboard 
ribbon cabl*. Slai Dot. dual BO Track D5DD floppy dnvea [other combmaltona avail- 
abl# phone) OS-9 may be substituted lor HUMBUG and STAR-DOS 12796 00 

ELEKTRA COMPU EN CABINET THE LARGEST SS-SO COMPUTER CABINET 
AVAILAB E> MM* 01 heavyw*.qhi 090" ttwck aHlmmum Interior it 1 0-1/2" wide 
by2l-7 a deep by 8-3/4" high Hury duty A C Imecord AC lusehotoW EMHirler 
Fan wrthl*ler Beck panel ties 10 ouloutetar D' type dele connectors Front panel he* 
on/ o*l power twitcn. 2 illuminated push Bullon swdcne (Reset and NUl AOo.1) and 
mo »K»u !«• 2 »• rngn w < nan hugiii M"' cht *<wi $23000 

RACKMOU T ELEKTRA COMPU ERCABI ET 17 "w« 21 5-0«6 7"h HddxmM 
or two twiff/vatght S-1/4 floppy dnvea $25000 

FMer Plate lor drive ooen,ng $1000 Fan FWar. $1000 

P0MP1 MttMlV Ffcghesl quality lir«a*r power supply COr*SERv*TIVELY ralM at 
l 4a $ 6v 3a «* ton Sa (a - 19v Mutt'lopped primary 1st line tun.r-g MOO 00 

04SK REGULATOR BOARD WITH CMUI Standard nmon lor 2 floppy drtm$5O00 
Heavy duty version lor 1 Winchester drive and 1 floppy drive or 4 hall heights $7500 
AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY to power second Winchester drive 112600 

ELEKTRA UNIVERSAL SS-tMS-SOC MOTHERBOARD Heavyweight 124 IMI 
IB long by 9 wida 1 1 memory 160 pin) slots a I 130 prn) slots Complete address 
decoding and selection, at well a* attended address capability for \ O sipla Choice ol 
4. 6. or IB addfteeae par t/O tlot r' (pacing between ell memory and I O aiota On 
boaid baud rate generator with low and high rangea providing jumper selectable rates 
c-t 76 through 36 400 tor each ot the tive beud rale line* slow device circuitry permitting 
I Mhr 30 pin diefc controller a to run wilh ?MHr 60 pin CPU board! 
MO Ming hltdwere $5 00 Sereoo id w/OOCumanlalton $60 00 

Aasem bled w/tin connectors $340 00 Asaemblad w/goJd eonnecton $46000 
ELEKTRA CNABBIt Include* cabinet. llOv power supply, power ttipply cable*, 
standard disk regulator board with power cebtee. motherboard wilh gold eguare Pin 
connectors, assembled and letted (Add $2S 00 for heavy duly rag laior ) $95000 
ELEKTRA 2 MK> CPU 8/9 U«a eif nor the 6803 or tVJOB (10 run 6800 eollwerel or S80S. 
He* r»Uv"roi> for up to 3 "18 Eprom* IK scratchpad and MCtM InpM limer Run 
OrVeT, FlEX^SlAR-DOS'' aaretKavo $4000 Assembled Mrs 00 

Optional baud rete generator pro iding baud re from M0 through 36*00 beud in two 
u aer eelec table ranges $25 00 

ELtKTRA OPS DUAL PORT SERIAL CARD Fn Ihe.tandird 30o in SS-SO but I/O Hot 
Can be configured lor 4 or 1$ adoress ss* pee port RT s CIS DTK. OCO IRQ, 
FIRO'NMI and baud rale can be ^H»uu>HPJI» rmraasvrawTl ad lor each port 
Bareboerd $28 00 AswmbM $96 00 

C ble wilh lack KCk*l sssernbliee ItwO neede d per board) Each $26 00 

ELIKTRA OPP DUAL PORT PARALLEL CARD Fits the liandard 30 pin SS 40 but I/O 
■lot Can tie conhgured tor 4 or 16 addreaaet per iO itol The direction of the TTL 
bullets can be con Ironed by either on board lumper connector* or by a signal from Ihe 
peripheraii The interrupt request line lor each porl may be individually lumpered to 
either Ihe IROm F IRQ NUl but line 

Samfnard »B00 Assembled $90 00 

Cable with tack socket assemptie* (two needed per board) Each $26 00 

ELEXTRA MK ITATIC RAM/RO MEMORY BOARDS w«h gold conneclori (tin 
evauaoM) Aaaemoled and taaled Wilh SON RAM $289 00 Wilh B4K RAM tlM 00 

ELCKTHA UNUVERtAL SUPER FLOPfTY CONTROLLER ME BEST 30 P IN FLOPTY 
DISK CONTROLLER THAT YOU CAN BUYi Comrota up to lour S-1/4* dr eat and tour 
I' dri ve lo i a tosaf 01 erght system drives Single density or double densilr. 1MKE or 
2Urst ■ODovilfjB lOoubie density ft' ieQu>r*»2*4H£) Analog phase locked loop data 
separators with separate adjustments tor 6" and ft" drives Analog writ* precompenia- 
hon circuit with separate ad|uslments for 6 and 6 dimes Designed to meet the data 
1*9*3 njqeewnents ot Weal *f n Digital floppy controller IC 

aanttaaaid (eapana onlyl $100 00 Aaaembted end letted $3*5 00 

Disk with drivers setup, and formatting, utilities Specify FLEX 2 6800 
Gen FLEX FLEX 9 FLEX 9 f 6S0S Gen FLEX or STAR-DOS 5 0« 5 $3000 

Disk wlh diners tor OS-9 (Soecily »" or O I $6000 

ELEKTRA WINCHESTER SYSTEMS THE BEST WINCHESTER SYSTEMS THAT YOU 
CAN BUY' Has automatic error defection and CORRECTtONol up to 1 1 bit burs! errors 
SS-60 but. ealendred aodretung capabilities. DMA. on board sector butler, dnyaws 
included tor BBOSFLrtX. STAR DOS or OS-9 Specify whoa* version of FLEX that you 
an using Drivers tor 6B00 FLEX2 are available tor an additional $1 00 00 Price includes 
host interface, controller dirvelsl and cables 

> Megabyte single dtive lyt $1995 00 14 Megabyte dual drive tys $299600 
12 Mr-gab yle single drive aya $2296 00 24 Megabyte dual drive ays $369600 
19 Megabyte single drive aya $7«96 00 38 Megabyte dual drive sya $4694 00 

H9 Megabyte drives are the largest that can tie supported by FLEXI 
6 Megabyte removable cartridge single dr sya $2996 00 Drive only $1996 00 

Circuit boards, cables, software (No drives) 995 00 

SS-SOC OMA B a Inlerlece board only 695 00 

ELEKTRA HD-S Cablnei: lor dual 5 1/4" lloppy drives wilh power supply, line cord, fuse 
power twitch, and power cables lo drives 15000 

ELEKTRA hD-Sw At tbov* txri wilh EMi tiller. Ian, end heavy duty power supply 
Powert I floppy end 1 Wtnchaeler or 4 hall height 5" llopptas 199 00 

5' ribbon cable lor dual outboard 5-1/4" dttk rives 4000 

2" ribbon cable lor dual inboard 5-1/4" disk drives 3500 

Custom cablet available Phon* 

ELEKTRA HO-e Dual 8" drive cabinet EMI tiller. Ian van liter, power supply and 

350 00 
1000 
45 00 
2000 
4000 

■ so 

40 



power supply cables 

Filler pi - 



' plate 

8* ribbon cable for dual 8" disk drives 
ELIK RA JO PIN PROTOTVPINO BOARD 
ELEKTRA SO PIN PROTOTVPINO BOARO 

GOLD 10 PIN CONNECTORS (Spec.tv mesa with square pint or female) 
TIN 19 PIN CONNECTORS (Specify mare with square pint or female) 



ELEKTRA it a trademark ot AAA Chicago r^omrputer Center 

FLEX end UrraTLei ate trademarks of Technical System Consultants Inc 

HELIX is a trademark ot Hare! wood Camputas Systems 

HUaaSUta, ■IC-OBUO, and STaVS-OOS ant trademark., of STAR-KITS Software 

Systems Corp 

OS-9 and BAStcm are iradamuarks gl Motorola anc and Mreowar* Systems Corp 



AAA CMICAGOCONCUTERCENTEft (312) 459-O450 

120 CHESTNUT LANE • WHEELING IL 60090 

Technical cortturiation available 4 PM to 8 PM most weekdays Closed 

evening a and weekends 



TERMS Minimum order $20 00 Shipping and handling estimates wiltirn the Conti- 
nental U S . add 3% ( Ml Nl M UM $2 40) 1 1 1 1 nmi r eside nts add 7 S ta let lai We will refund 
your overestimated shipping and handling charges Foreign shipping and handling 
add t0>a (MINIMUM 110 001 Feseapn orders mult be prepaid in U S dollars OVacka 
muss be dream on a us bane, neavy foreign rlemt will be shipped air freight c oae c i 
Paaase ptiorvj between 4 PM and 8 PM wee*deys tf oueeuona anae rega rding sxr pptng 
leea Master Charge, via*, and American Espnaaa honored 

Our apology Wa tn nol slatted to answer technical inquiries through the mail Please 
phone for technical help during the hours indicated above The too frequent changing 
of our inventory and pricet maket ii uneconomical to publish • catalog Our adt art 
intended lo serve that purpose Prices, specification*, and inventory are subject to 
change without edvance notice 



SUPER MODEM PROGRAM Single character commands No interrupts required 
Transmit manually or tranamif diss hies |I*m1| ol any length to distant computer 
Receive and aive dnktiiet ileal] on local disk tytiem x-on X -off supported Tested tot 
lull duple* at apeeda uplo 9800 baud Hall duplet option Echo option Replaces CR 
with CR/LF (user option] Slow disk tile transmit option 
Phrase specify 8800 or 8809 SSB. STAR-COS" or FLEX" 5" or 8" 
Instruction Man al and disk with both source and obtecl oode $7500 

OS-* super Modem Program by Epstein Aseociettt with autodial, 
configuration foe etc 100 00 

ALL IN ONE 

Editor — Teat Procaex* - Meamg Laoell - MasUni Lists - Multiple Form Lettevt 
Use any CRT terminal and printer — Beal Package For The Money Anywhere* 
Soecily 8800 or 8809. SS8 STAROOS". or FLEX". 5" or 6" 75 00 

Add $5* 0O for printed source Irstmg, add $100 lor source on disk 
Ali-in-On*. write n spell, and Spefin Fit package 250 00 

i a» Tachaatas l FVET . 



Gen FLEX w Edit $ ASMS 
FLEX 9 I (DC 2] w Edit ft ASMB 

Advsneed Programmers Guide 

Editor 

Aeeembler 

Deoug 

Etlended Basic 

Basic Precompiler 

Sort/Merga 

Utilitiea 

Diagnotlrca 

Ten I Processor 

6S0OO X-ASMB on 8809 

Pascal 

Ret A MB/Llnking L Idet 
S800 X-ASMB on 8809 
Cobol 
Fortran 77 




100 
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175 



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260 
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50 
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30 
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"68' Micro Journal 



37 



number of BASIC programs from a PET to a Superbratn. 
I did this by fitting the Superbraln with a GPIB 
Interface using the Motorola MC86488. rile transfer 
Mas then fast and efficient. 

More recently I designed an S30 bus Interface 
card for Wlndrush which Is now being sold In Europe 
and America. This article Is written to provide an 
Introductory explanation and some background on the 
GPIB which may be of general Interest to all 
readers. 



Bus Hardware 



The GPIB was originated about 10 years ago by 
engineers at Hewlett Packard. It connects together 
between 2 and 15 devices In a free network. 
Normally one device Is a system controller and the 
rest are talkers and listeners. Each 
talker/listener Is assigned a unique device number 
(address). This Is often set on DIP switches In the 
device. Additional devices can be serviced by 
having mare than one control Interface In the host 
computer and also by a I locating secondary addresses 
to each primary address. 

The bus carries 8 parallel data lines which 
allow transfers at up to 500000 bytes/second If the 
devices are separated by no more than 1 metre each 
with an end-to-end length of 15 metres, or 250000 
bytes/second with separations of 2 metres and 20 
metres end-to-end. As you can see this Is pretty 
fast. In practice transfer speeds are usually 
limited by the software In the Instruments and the 
controller. A second set of 8 lines carries 3 
handshaking and 5 control signals- 
Electrical ly each of the 16 lines Is driven by 
a 3 state driver or an open collector driver capable 
of sinking 48 mA (eg a standard TTL 7433 or 7438) so 
that up to 15 drivers can feed the seme line In a 
wlred-AND configuration. This means that all 
drivers must be off for the line to go high, and 
thus the slowest active device on the bus can 
control the rate of transfer by holding the line low 
until It Is ready. Each tine also carries a line 
receiver, usually a differential device to minimise 
the effects of any noise picked up. 



Specif Icatlon 



The GPIB Is completely specified In IEEE488-1978 
with a minor amendment published In 1980. This Is a 
very comprehensive document. Luckily yoii do not 
have to be familiar with It to be able to use the 
bust There Is also an equivalent European spec 
IEC-625-1 which Is not much used. 



There are quite a few possible commands. The most 
cannon on»s are concerned with telling a selected 
device to talk or listen, and telling devices to 
unllsten or untalk. All devices on the bus must 
read al I command messages, regardless of what they 
were doing before, and respond If required. 

2. Data bytes are sent by any device when the ATN 
line Is false. Often they will be In ASCII. 
Message strings may be terminated by a carriage 
return/1 Ine-feed, and also by making another control 
I Ine (EOI end or Identify) true. 

Thus the majority of transfer sequences are of 
the form sliown In the example below: 



Sourc* Rytathm) ATN EOI Awti 



control ler 


46 


true 


- 


Tell devtce 6 to bo ■ talker 


control ler 


77 


true 


- 


Tell device 7 to be ■ 1 1 itener 


- 


■ 


false 


false 


Controller releases bus 


device 6 


in 


" 


" 


«H 




45 


" 


■ 


't 




4C 


* 


■ 


*L 




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* 


■ 


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*T 


■ 


- 


■o 




00 


■ 


- 


C/K 




OA 


fel»« 


true 


L/F * £01 



( controller recoonliet end of *»t*e)ge> end erranos* en 

orderly close down* > 

control l«r v trwe false Untelk ell 

controller 3f trtM false Unllsten all 



Throughout the above sequence the flow of data 
was controlled by the 3 handshake lines, which are: 
RFD ready for data, DAV data available, and DAC data 
accept. To complete the story there are 3 more 
control lines: SR0 service request, REN remote 
enable, and IFC Interface clear. These 3 are not 
normally used In simple systems. 



Imp lementatlon 

The electrical Interface to the GPIB may 
conveniently be provided by 2 Motorola MC3447 or 4 
MC3448 bus transceiver ICs. These are a 
cost-effective way of meeting the full IEEE488 
electrical spec. The control logic can be 
Implemented In hardware or software. A software 
solution could use a program to drive two ports of a 
6821 PIA. By this means all 16 lines can be toggled 
and reed as necessary. This could be a cheap way of 
providing a partial subset of the GPIB capabilities. 
For a talker/1 Istener It will not meet the IEEE spec 
of responding to the ATN line In 200nS, although 
this may not be Important. 



Uses 

The bus may be used to connect together networks of 
computers for transferring files as mentioned 
already; also to connect a controlling computer to 
floppy disk 4 hard disk drives, printers, digital 
plotters, and a wide variety of laboratory 
Instruments Including signal generators, voltmeters, 
frequency counters, A to D converters and the like. 
This lets you construct versatile Automatic Test 
Equipment (ATE) Installations. 



Bus Messages 

Message bytes over the bus take one of two forms: 
1. Command bytes are sent by the controller. 
These are Identified by making one of the control 
lines (ATN I.e. attention) true at the seme time. 



The simple hardware solution Is to use the 
MC68488 which Is a 40 pin IC programmed for the Job. 
This will run at the full bus speed and handle all 
handshaking automatical ly. On the processor side It 
will be limited by the host soMware, although DMA 
could be used for really fast applications. The 
68488 will Interface directly to a 6800/6809 bus- 
It has 3 register select lines so wll I require 8 
bytes of address space. 

The only catch with this IC Is that It does not 
provide any controller functions. These have to be 
supplied by additional external logic. 

Program control of the 68488 Is very simple as 
the following examples show: 

WARMS EOU SC003 
GETCHR EOU SCD15 
PinCHR EOU SC0 18 



38 



'68' Micro Journal 



* MC68488 addresses assuming card Is In slot 2: 

REGO EOU 1E020 

REG2 EOU 1E022 

REG3 EOU IE023 

REG* EOU 1E024 

REG7 EOU 1E027 

MYDEVN EOU 4 My device number 

EOFCHR EOU !1A Control Z, often marks end of text 
files 



* lOrMd • III* tram AAOt»«r *flM- 



Of al I these ranges the Motorola combination Is the 
cheapest. 



Wlndrush Card 



If you don't wish to brew your own the Wlndrush 
card Is a complete ready to go solution. It Is a 
compact S30 bus PC8 with gold plated edge connectors 
and all ICs socketed. ' It uses the MC68488 with 
additional logic to provide a complete 
control ler/talker/l Istener facility. It Is supplied 
with a comprehensive manual which Includes circuit 
diagrams, all Instructions, and full software 

listings. Also Included Is a full reprint of the 
Kilobaud articles (Reference 4 below). 



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Other Solutions 



Some other manufacturers of GPIB ICs that I know 
are: 



of 



t. Intel 8291 and 8292 chip set. These also 
require 2 8293s for the bus Interface, or 5 MC3448s 
and some TTt.. 

2. Texas TMS9914. This regulres a 75160A end a 
75162A for bus Interface. 

3. Falrchlld 96LS488. This Is a 48 pin device 
which Includes the bus Interface. It Is designed 
for stand alone (non program controlled) 
Instruments. It would need additional logic to 
provide a controller function. Falrchlld also 
second-source the 68488. 



References 

Much nore Information on the GPIB ts contained In 
the following sources: 

1. Wlndrush IEEE488 Control ler Manuel . 

2. Motorola MC6B488 Date Leaflet. 

3. Motorola "Getting aboard the 488-1975 bus". 

4. "Get your PET on the IEEE488 bus" by G.Vob, 
Kilobaud, Jul Aug & Sep 1980. 

5. "The PET end the IEEE488 bus", by E.Fisher & 
C.W.Jensen, published by Osborne/McGrew-Ht 1 1 (ref no 
0-931988-31-4). 



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68' Mloo .Journal 



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eddlllooB raqatre tbe replacooeol of a 1 by tb* oosl free euobor le 
tbo ON I OOTO Boqueace aod tbo addition or cod* lo deal «llb Ike 

reaPoeao. Tie a*.e?tea <!*•■ far fabarellly Itered Hi 1/0 

vector by eeoba ef FOii aletoeeele lo accooo Perl O e.»t oeey •••lea 
provide a "Port" etatoeobt lo do tble, le****r if you are 1*114 

ItTP'a lull iiitUi S.* ike felloeial correollooa are eeedad before 
too ->0iT" etbteeeot cea be uaed, Leeatloe SMI' aliould *• alierodi 

free 13* to |10 aod lifll fret »Ci le pel. 



.In n □! 
.!□ □ nl- 
.jq n d' 



-TO 



5 


2 


1 


3 


1 


4 


4 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


3 


5 


1 


6 


1 


7 


2 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


a 


1 


9 


1 


10 




1 


Z 


3 


4 


5 



xo 



1 hav* noticed choc choro fcoa boon vary liccla publlahad in tha 
69 niCftO JOUHNAt relating CO Cho UNIfLtX oparatlng tyatd*. ( 
pure ha aad a copy for my rompucor in Deciobac 1981 and found i c 
lacked a utility to atodlfy tha contanta of « d 1 Ik fila. So* t 40) 

f far ing oni Foe publication, 

Tho prograai la an on lectin ad I tor which provldaa a duap o( a 
2S< byta block of tha fila in both KEX and A6Ct(. To laodify tha 
fila It la only nacoaaary to nova tha curaoc to tha daalrad byt* 
and than typa In tha daalrad etodi flcatlon in hex. to allow for 
■ latakaa all nodlflcatlona ara placid into a bu f far . Hh«n 
aatiaflad tha c hang a a con ba aavad by u el ng the ' S ' or 'a* 
cor«j»and. Tha progrea contalna an axfcenalva set of comaeada which 

1 will not daacrlba hare aa they ara fully docuaentad in tha 
prograa. To obtain Information about all coialndi it la on ly 
noeeaaary to uaa the 'I' or 'i' coma and whan tha prograa la run* 

HejlaiMb) use hae been nada of advenced VDT coaaanda. Thla ha a tha 
advantage of eteklng an efficient prograa but ha * tbe 
disadvantage of aeklng the prograa teralnel dependent. Foe thoee 
who do not have en Da to aad l« Etc el 42 the fo 11 owing line* will 
need to be aodlfled. 



Typical answer box on questionnaire with equivalent array P(V,X«). 
XO, VO are co-ordfnates of box origin: S - length of an answer box 
side 1n multiples of .005' units. Nos. 1-5 are rtomalised values 
used to address array P{V,X). The value at each array position 
Is shown in the piddle of each box. 



1600 



Poaitlon cursor at ' ai ' 



acreen row 
* ec' - acreen col u*n 
5(10 -- tr**e froa current position to end of line 
6fllfl -- Video attribute oa . 
5510 -- Video attribute oil* 
6610 — Clear acreen 

I hope that thla program will be of inter eat to your reader a. 
Should any difflcultlea erlse witb thla progrea I can be 
contacted at the eddreaa below and I would be pleased to hear 

froa any other UNIPXKX user. 

Youre Sincerely 



■ ALS4&L 



XLX» MILES 
7 And .r .on Sec act 
Clifton Hill 
Hslboucna, 1(1* 

Auitr alia. 



S width * 

A on arcor goto 9888 

18 d» v(2S<) , c$(21) 

18 cS-'8123«S«7*9*aCOtr<bcdaf' 

25 flS-' • : f IS- ' ' : can fila naaa 

38 r«a inlt HEX conatant array 

41 foe i-l to 21 

58 c5 l«)-aild5(cS,«»l,ll 

68 ntit x 

8* «-« 

64 goaub 2880 : COB pcint haadac 

66 qoaub 3888 : res proem coaaanda 

9* if US-- • goto 11* 

188 cloaa 1 

11* Kit 

1888 raa . . 

10*2 cap. e«ad 6 peine a hn block 

1*84 tea oneey 

1**6 raa * - no. of sytt at which to (tact caadlnq 

1088 raa axle 

1810 caa l - no. of llnoa caad 

1812 caa c - no. of chacaceaca eaad in laae lina 

1*14 r*a b - no. of byeao caad in block 

1*16 e« v() - accay of byeai caad 

1111 b-» 

113* peine 

114* foe 2-1 eo 16 

115* qoaub 1370 i eaa caad upeo 16 byeoa of daeo froa fila 

1160 it c-0 enan l-l-l : goto 1240 

1178 qoaub 1258 < eaa dltplay HIE 

11*8 goaub 1628 : caa display ASCII 

1198 peine 

1208 b-b*c 

1218 if coll eban goeo 1248 

1228 noxe i 

1238 eatuen 

1248 tor y-i*l eo 36 

1242 ac-5 : ae-y»3 : goaub 1558 

1244 goaub 5600 : caa aeaaa aol 

1246 noxe y 

1240 eaeucn 

LijW r *aa| *>*>«>.B4*«>«>*>*>4f-..1*.B*>«.a»a*a»a»a»a»aa.aaBabaBab*fr.fe 

126* caa Peine a Una of Mtx byeaa 
127* caa c - nuab.c of byeaa on lina 
126* raa v(y*bj - cueeant byta to convoee 
129* raa y - byta couneae 

1390 caa 

1310 ac-5 : «-i*3 : goaub 1550 

1320 roc y-l*b eo c«b 

1330 g.-lne<v (y(/16J : vS-c* (qi »c» ( v (y) -g'16l 

1340 peine • ■ ; v*I 

13S0 nut y 

1360 caeueo 

1370 raa 

1380 raa caad uP eo 1* byeaa froa fila 

1390 raa If !■■■ ehan 16 mtm available enan c caflacee no. 

1400 eaa . 

1405 if (»»b»18)>ab ehan 11-ab-a-b alaa 11-16 

141* Cor cal to 11 

142* v (c»b) -aac ( tt (a.b.c-ll ) 

143* naxe c 

144* eatuen 



40 



•68' Micro Journal 



H5« rea 

L460 tee COAVIIt DiC to HEX 
1470 rea q - no. of I6's In byte 
L400 [vi v - no. to convict 
1490 rea v* - HEX enawer 

1S10 ram 

1510 g-lnt(v/16) 

1520 vS-cS(ql»cS(v-q»16> 

1530 [itum 

1550 [•■ 

1540 rsa position cuihi at specified K[iln position 
1570 rea ac - acraan coljan (1-81J 
1500 rn ii - screen cow (1-24) 

1590 en 

1600 ptlnt chrl [271; '-9' JchrStarOU jchrStecOl) .- 
1610 caturn 

1620 can 

1610 [■■ display ASCII At and of Una 

1640 tea 

1651 ptlnt tab(Sl) i 

If 61 for »«b*l to o*c 

1670 If v(i)))l and v(i)<127 than ptlnt chcS(v(i}); tin ptlnt 

16t0 next • 

1682 1 f c-16 goto LG90 

1664 fot .-c.l to 16 

1686 pr Lot ' ' J 

1688 noit X 

1698 ntuin 

2800 raa 

2010 rea ptlnt haadat 

2020 taa 

2030 goaub 6600 : raa clear acraan 

2040 print ' 012145*78 9 A B C E F' 

2050 print 

2060 for >-0 to 15 

2070 VI 1 qoaub 1450 

2000 print vS; ' - ' 

2090 nut * 

2180 print 

2110 print 'COMMAND'; 

2918 caturn 

3088 raa 

3082 c*a antar caananda 4 pat fora tho apptoptlota action 

1004 raa 

30L0 ar-21 : ec-9 : qoaub 1550 

3015 qoaub 5600 i tan erase to and of lino 

3020 c9-lnch5(9) i raa get a coaaand 

3038 If cS""l' or e*»'t' goto 3100 
3112 If r8«'c' or cl-'C goto 3211 
3138 Lf cS-*q' or cS-'Q" qoto 3301 

3035 If cS-chrS(l) qoto 3400 i taa laft shift 

3036 ll cS-chil|]ll qoto 3410 i raa up ahlft 

3037 If c««chrS(l2) goto 3428 i raa right ahlft 
3638 If cl-chrSI22J goto 3430 I raa don ahlft 

3039 If c«-chrl(31l qoto 3440 i taa ton 

3040 If es»*n' ot c8-'H' qoto 3500 i taa nut block 
3042 If cS-'p' or cS-'P' qoto 3600 : raa pravloua block 

3046 If cS-'s' or <:0-*8' qoto 3600 : raa Mva buf ar 4 changes 

3040 Lf cg-'l' or c6-'l' qoto 3900 i raa Hat lnattuctlons 

1950 qoto 3700 : taa ta it fot Hex 6 antat If raa 

3097 eS-'lou hova antarad an Invalid coaaand. Typa [ for 

instruct Ion t. ' i qoaub 5088 

1099 qoto 3900 

3198 taa pcocaaa flla ntnl 

3195 if fi»<>'' than clou I 

3110 Input 10.' ■;«« 

3110 open old flS aa 1 

3L40 poaltlon 11.0, aode 2. raaponaa art : raa in. bytoa In flla 

1158 clou 1 

1168 opan fl« as 1 alia L 

1178 dla II. fS lab-l)-l 

180 a-B 
3182 fl«-fl8 j raa aave flla naaa 

3185 aS-'Tha apaclfiad flla haa bun loadad succaaa ful 1 y . * t 
qojub 5800 

3200 raa display cuttant haa block 
3281 qoaub 8509 i If f-0 than qoto 1099 

3219 qoaub 1090 

3212 C0-1 : cl-1 i qoaub 7000 : taa display highlight byta 

321S afl-'Tha cuttant block has baan displayed.' i qoaub 5009 

3220 qoto 3099 
3381 raa quit 

3310 qoaub 6600 : tie cleat acraan 

1320 return 

3489 tea left ahl ft 

1492 cl-c9-l 

3494 qoaub 7900 

3499 qoto 3999 

3411 r». isp ahl (t 

3412 L-l-cl-1* 
3614 floto 1414 

3429 tea right ahl ft 
3422 clT9»l 
3424 qoro 3494 
3439 tea down sblft 
3432 cl-c9»16 
1434 qoto 3404 

3441 rem hoaa 

3442 cl-1 
3444 qoto 3414 

3500 rea read neat bl ck 

3510 If e*256 <• eb.l then o-s*25i else el-'There Is no natt 

block, - BOTTOM or FILI -' i qosub 5990 : qoto 3999 

3515 goiklb 1111 

1529 cl-1 : cl-1 : qosub 7999 : rea display highlight byte 

3531 el-'Meit block hie been displayed. ' : qoeub 5899 

3549 qoto 3999 



3699 rea reed pcevloue block 

3619 If 0*256 >- 1 then e-S-256 e 1 oe eS-'Thore la no provloue 

block, - TOP OF FILE -' i qoeub 5991 I qoto 3999 

3621 qosub 1111 

3*30 c9-l i cl-1 i qosub 7999 : rsa display highlight byte 

3649 eS-'Prevlous block nee been displayed.' ; goeub 5699 

3659 qoto 3999 

3799 tea 

3792 rea entet character check tor HEX. if not return to 
3794 rea coasasnd aoda. Once two HEX dlqlte entered convert to 
3796 rea integer end seve In buffer. Move to next buffer 
loce t ion. 

3719 tea 

3712 qoeub 859) l If f-9 qoto 3999 

3734 for 1-9 to 21 

3738 If cJ-cS(i) qoto 3746 

3749 next » 

3742 qoto 3997 

3746 tea 

3741 hS-cS 

3759 cS-lnch«(0) 
3752 for »-0 to 21 

3754 If cS-cS(r) qoto 3760 
3756 neit I 
3758 qoto 3742 

3760 rea 

3762 hS-hS.cS 

3764 v(c9) -hen hj) 

3765 qosub 8999 : rsa display entered HEX 

3766 cl-c0»l 

1761 qoaub 7111 i rea shift highlight byta 

3769 eS-'Buffer has been aodiflod and byte displayed.' ; goeub 

589* 

1779 goto 3999 

3999 rea ......... 

3892 rea save current buffer onto file 

3994 rea 

3986 eS-'Ploeae WAIT the buffer le being saved.' : qosub 5000 

3888 gosub 8509 : 1 f f-9 goto 3999 

3819 for i-s to e»b-l 

1929 r$(*)-chx'<v(>*l)) 

3839 nest x 

3849 eS-'Current buffer haa been saved Into the file.' i goaub 

5199 

1859 goto 3999 

3999 raa 

3992 rea print Inetructlone 

1994 raa 

3919 goaub 6699 : rea cleer screen 
3914 print 'COMMAND' 

3916 pr Int ' .-..' 

3919 print 

3929 print * c or C . Dlaplay current file block. If it ie 

neceesary to delete 1 

3922 print changaa froa buffer thle coaaand can be 

used. It will fill' 

3924 print ' buffer froa the flla and overwtlte 

changaa, ' 

3926 print '1 or I - Dloploy Inatructlono and pointer 

in fo cast ion. ' 

3929 print "1 or L - Load and display the fleet block of a 

file.' 

3939 print ' eg. 1 nothing. b' 

3932 print 'n or N - Display the neet block or the file.' 

3934 print 'p or P - Display the previous block or e file. 1 

3936 print 'q or o - Oul t progrea end return to operetlng 

syetea. ' 

3939 print ' s ot 9 - Save cuttant buffet and changaa Into the 

fi la. • 

3949 ptlnt Tbls coaaand auat ba used to aodlfy any 

f i I a . ' 

3942 pclnt 

3944 print ' accow keye can ba used to novo cureoc to 

any buffec position.' 

3946 pilot 

3947 print ' Enter chengea aa HEX charectere. Change 
occur! ot curaor position.' 

1949 print 

3951 print'Plle naaa - ■ ; flS, ' Star t of buffer In file - ";s»l 

3952 prlnt'Cureoc position In file - ' ; e*c9, 'Cur sor poaltlon In 
buffer - *;c9 

3954 print 

3956 print teb(39);'Hit any key to continue.' 

3959 rea 

3959 cS-inchSI9l 

3969 goaub 2990 i rea print header 

3962 goeub 3979 : rea display buffer 

3963 goto 3999 

3979 rea ..... .... ...... 

3972 tea display cuttant buffer 

3974 rea 

3975 1 f t-9 goto 3999 

3976 il-i : bl-b : cl-c : rea ssvs countsra 
3979 b-9 

3979 print 

3999 for i-l to si 

3992 If 1-at than c»cl alee c-16 

1994 goaub 1259 i rea diepley MIX 

3996 goaub 1629 i rea display ASCII 

3997 print 
3988 b-b.c 
3996 nut a 

3992 If l<>36 then goeub 1249 
1994 cl-c9 i goeub 7999 
3999 return 

5999 rea . 

5992 rea print error aeeaege In si 



'68' Micro Journal 



41 



-MltEC News' 



5 09 4 cea ••••»---- 

5010 goaub 5700 : tn acaaa atatua line 4 position cursor 

5920 gosub 6000 : r«n itut fleshing 

59)1 print e«j 

5040 go sub 6509 : can atop Meaning 

50S0 raturn 

5600 r*s -— Ojjtx me THf iHTtf »* 

5692 ran acaaa to and of 1 ina ttom current paaitton 

5604 tea 

56l0printchr$(27);'T'; Th " ""•£ 1W *n< <JVn orttnioi Ivpta* a*f/a 4raU l \*«i tor tK* aa*a 

5620 raturn taaa to pr.*luta ■ («*puin which •HI run w(t»*ra mIkii tor CMIX- 

c ■( h((h apt ad and Lev tax. It fy>Mtti up to flva iar«lnala and 4 

570? ran acaaa atatua Una 

5704 ttm) ......-----------------.-...- prtht«r wit* ■ the lea o* 4t«fc •toitii Qpttoca r>«ilm (*«»• JQ-U? 

5719 et-23 • ec-15 : goaub L559 hittc (forruttad} and a Mia *j**«>r* oi S)U or SiU. 

5720 goaub 5609 p.,, |Ktu ;>«,«, ar » tt , euewa c««li[« .rtth * M*a ud * «.wartar U*A 

5730 return 

5090 !#■ ***- Happ*- dtak arlva end in optional 4* ttYTI cape back-up kitiit. both built 

5092 scoi print atatua neaaage iota ca- in ■•.!». 

5304 C*B |^ # wbaU »>■(•• t* attract*"!; OexbacM la • utU black boa 



Himrinl a 1/3 loch** hit*, a* U loth a a vide br 11 J/4 Inch** daap. 



5919 goaub 5719 : rea> araaa atatua lina t position curaor 

5929 print *S; 

503# return An aw l at an* In B eat of b*atc witwict pac^aiaa era lulwJed with etefy 

6999 rem -_.-,-..._,.-.__.. IwftC ?S6. Tfceaa jti (WirtU .lord rretaeelnl. jOa/T* (raraart* t«t br 

6002 rm *t»Ct flashing rt.».B.> Luifj***. end Mt«MSt **«M» *ni Sraiean aariw ad printer i F m1|A|, 

6004 itt ........ — ........... 

6010 print chr$( 27); 'C4*; ■" i •■r»«»rah»«a ~>c.« <*«««. i«ct.«a. 

6929 return s »* ♦»•* • « in ?K*i Journal (er further detail*, 

6599 E ra 

6592 ram atop flashing 

6 594 r«« --.-- -. 

6519 print chr5(27); 'c0' ; *•* i u *tr.r* i.ip>„iu> d . <««c*cti u» c Mmi**". Uc. 

6520 cetUCn tO»3 TKxma luacn Hee»rlal ll«r^«7 

6600 ra>m - ...... Pant. aa»»«» < Kav Jarea? WHO 

6692 ram clear ecreen fb?4«i Toll-lr**i l-»00-2V«H6O 

6604 t*B (to Wav Jaraev, pHooa *» - fatlO U 3 > 

6619 print chr$(26) 



■Ml ■ « ■ tnl*a*[» >l lalL VilioriLurlai. 



6620 return 

7000 rem 

7010 res shift highlight byte 

7915 E«a cl . new position of highlight smtxiu. i«et r»i i •< i 

7921 ceo c0 • current position of highlight 

7022 rem 

7934 if cl>b then print chr$(7> ; return 
7936 if ctcl than print chr$[7] i return 
7949 gosub 7400 1 era remove highlight at c9 
7045 c0*cl 

7050 goaub 7500 : rem eat " " c9 

7969 return 

7409 re* ttiove highlight at c9 

7410 tsi-int(c0/16.0001) 

7429 ac-4.tm : mc'2 - i - ( c 9_ tm« 1 6) I goaub 1550 

6500 •J fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl 9_ 

7440 return 
7500 tea eet highlight at c0 

ll\ 9 . t ""*" t < Ci '' L6 *"? I > >fcM Th. anc. Q »..tf MOd.fU.t.O* sf-acftdura* 4r* < <K runr.,r.fl IF.. 0« n «r»l 

7514 ar-4*ca : ac-5*3^ (C0- ta- 16) ; goaub 1550 U.P..B- a. T«C clEk » o« C«EAT)« mICBO S»ST(3>9 urn,.r.. 

7516 goaub 6590 

7520 ar-4atm : ac -2* 3 • ( c9_ tm» 1 6 ) : goaub 1550 *.*» y nw i ion •« aCIA • iMtiad n *C3Ci, 4Ad iEX9 

7530 goaub 6000 °*S t>»K3N •« f<ni»ar» 

7540 return Mfc 

9999 can ........-....-..----. lh * *ollo>aiftfl protaouraa rim ii p *• o . to rvn th» FtO o o, S k 

9919 ram Display modified byte at v(c0) ,.!»,«.*, t^.Kb.i.ir «.th oee.t*^ '■♦. ft «»i u «ra Protfuda. ct Nuid 

9929 rtsj • br e>*nr OqWji <*anaar«, 

9939 v-v(c0) : goaub 1459 : en convert to HBx 

84*49 ta"JntfC#/16.ftil) * l "** '** *' ■*»•« «( lim B»Oj*(t, C«S O.O not r>*Vr a 5' control t »r 

B959 *i-4»tm : Sc- 3*1* (C0- ta>» 16) * OOSUb 1550 b*»*d Oft WtSTEW DIGITAi a,ra«.ara, a*l>ch HM ld m COPidb'r *a t th i*>a 

J"! "i * -! M ' goeuD laaa p(-a oos< Tn# TOUTMfTAgTEa* DOC-14 yii a.l»«tad ».»<* n -a* 

BS60 print V9J coiaitiblt. Alao it u«« tuHibti in Kit, i»ii#ol*o, or bin board. 
9062 sr.4.eai : sc-5 3 * (c0_ la* 1 6) : goaub 1550 

9064 If v(c0)>31 and v(c9)<l27 then print c hrS ( v (c0) ) ; else Tm OiS s«J9 rroto board •>•• mtcKfl 'or- U>« tMrarfaca to tha 

print ' .' ; liwcuor 9Ju*. rrta ***•§»( tt*o •••• to locait th« cofltrolior board o*> 

9079 return lr " °* 6 p*J* to mtvri tunc i ar i ei ••/■*«< a for tha decoding davit»« 

9599 ctl -..---- — — -------- — — -.----- *" 1- mtart'tfn info th» aaothar board. Ih.a po*li«ri t»a»>ad 

9592 rast check for file 

9594 til 

9519 If ClSO' 1 then f-1 : return Tfca darod'no d«w>c*. aod tha p|A. uaatf for Orxtrti.nq flUIl tntorrtifiti 

9529 eS-'Mo file has been specified. U ea "1" Conajand . ' ; goaub <—r» locatta on tr.* nixilAing tinr a»tn at im **!• irole board. 
<^1JBJP Tmp cirrtfitry vt*d I* aAOaan on acfi«*nal4c* 1 and II. 

9530 f-0 
9549 return 
9000 rea -- 

9010 rest error ha ndllng routine configuration and raconanandad oaiawl i poanont, aapiainad 

9020 [la ............. .- ... DOC-lo Kani^a I , Uir bfiCj ■ * O-o* ri t to potr.1 and «oc Kit* «ra mid (or lit,. 

9930 If err-4 then eS-'ato auch file. 1 : goaub 5009 : goto 9100 «"■«•"« fn.rtf-trp, T^, c^s *.I2 froio boiro r>a« ocod.ng h*rdw*ra 
9040 if err-9 then e$-'Baad error on file.' : goaub 9000 : goto aVa.rabi. «tf cc^io b. 0**0 to a.-api.*. a>o«t o* ^^. o*ced<*0 prooi.i. 

..„_ * 'I* lt*« fr#!2 •* mMOi lha ichawanc Mffurd M«i to b« aMarro 

* iBB ictord.nglr, tf * ronlfOFIar othir >>»an Im OOC - 1 « 1* vbfld iFtjrt 

9050 if ecr-10 then efl-'Wclte error on file. 1 ; gosub 5000 t ir .., tha a.n nvabtrino 1. tha i**a, .. not »ak> iM ncit.^r 

goto 91fl adJvatmanta. Thar* it no a I aftdar a 1 rat 1 on oi tfi5# Ova 'untliOnt, 

9060 if ecr-ll then e$-Tlle ia write protected** : gosub 5009 1 

QOtO 9100 KoHuiri aodKititiontl 1~l<a«a tri cvaailibli mt %t\ tt>i Ol$ m how** 

»«7l If .xc.12 th.n .*->p.(.i a .lon fl. 9 . do not •11.. .cc... to *'*'<»• *"."■•'■■ -" ,4 "' '* '-''"■' •«•••" K0U«» (rllCROMO ...«.».. 

Ula.' 1 foaub Sill : goto 9111 

9000 if irr>3< than a$»' Typing CTRL C will not halp you. 1 i Con .or* l/tt &»• inr P.CHaoti 

90»ub 5919 : goto 9199 OJi' t'90 03" ») [XI 

9199 on accoc goto 9 •'« I" J M7»....«. EKI 

0*3 FIU DM2 16 Oct 

„,. ... ... 037I 9« »J SMC <1 CKI 

9199 fie-fie t raai raatoro fila nana 9>73 97 C9Cf 0369. ...97 ejet 

9193 if (Hi' 1 goto 9139 .037) 9»l» Mn 9«tK» 

9195 If acl-3929 or arl-3759 or atl-J95g than cloaa 1 

9197 If arl-3959 than goaub 2119 : goarjb 3970 nw, „. „ ■«,*,<.,.„, ,„„. r , a ,„ ,„. 0l .. »...,, .„..„. 

9111 opan fl8 aa 1 alia 1 

9129 dlaj 111 fSlab-U'l D.n.r.t Protidvni Onct rdy n*vi r«|r Can».l« ind Diak 6Vi.it roiliKii 






bt,.ivtn «ti th lha loo »d*a » r d 1/4' Ire* tha f • «M idgi. n/Iw 
• ptctri Mara w**d to atinul'i a a>8 t i>;i'>lion. 



•Varetaiara aod> * t c 1 1 ■ or « to i h a OOC-lai ftrmoui vol tag* r*Oulate<-« <JA ) 4 
2. Jv9Hf ei- ptrta I and J OA tmi Placa lha C2 ahOTfrtg plug »rt tha •■ 

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•Cl**. and Kiwatnfi that you h» v a potf Flaa riaatar ill Prim « p»>> 
mtiiowid r«C«i^« tha thr ♦» Olvt-ngr prone t . and row *r a i-aadf la *OI 1 om 
(ha oroc ■*' a a ovt 1 if>ad on Pi«i 23, aa rtien 7. c« Ina adaptation 
«Mioa . 



'68' Micro .Journal 



4vO>3>nQ ^I'llUi M>»ii row ***■■!* • lonmdi vtma th* .»r>|>*nd unlHr, 
•>•».• tur« tri«r row add a Tr«nt4*.r AMr*f« <g in* l**t Omar* HI* >>. 
trie ■ tr- p n«. tou add th i » Tf«iHi.«*r or SI •«■ i ino •do* • *» Mr.tr> »ou cr«*u 
t*<«t Par t*tul *t o> «*»■>" *t I • , »a rOU * «v • \9 fii"i ar, **cf I* «<Hi "}oo *. 

th* CKrS wtll rM»«Ad *itn * CArVT re*M&F£a>> . 

K«~dJ*Mt Th, « drogrtm *itow* y«i iMiuu an uh^oy tflfia am to tr>»i 
M tart c* u **d bv th Ft*> DOS. Th* b**i t-«T To 4* ' *n>r« trggr ait, 

iKirttianil l % to lit* 1** Ed MOT t»d »*> • If.* ("Wgn I »t «d Dllaw. 

■ t>* c'i»*ig*t pre i» plicr irvfln -j*f th* A>i«<*or*r to crntt >«ur 
MSX-OISK ft|N ioln th* Ed j tor *no t*e At«*i*oUr *f* inOuetn m th* 
F »■ PtCk«q«. Th* MiAuilt *r • il|D <NCIuC»fl 

For 8'dltn v»* *t I*. 

For 3*d)«it...ieEC. . .SWHENO IS I 3EA . . . 9WKENC 

^FOt. . .DU*EM> .IS 1 F-D* . . . DWHEhC 

MAXTrW 19 23 FOR 33 TRACKS 

»tvTA« 19 26 FDtt 41 r«^C*9 

COWPLErE ALL Orwfcft Cn*N0«3 (T£Ft»ENCtO CM <WU «• T AP^ENOlX 

Don I *o< qt i to add th* Tr»i<«f Add* •»* *• •■ to th* LOlOtr btn ar n 
♦ .if On »a<J* B?. App*'d> ■ o* fh* (dijuiipi OJiri*. 

f**n«l if f (>«] Ynu Ml I I h*V* to Bv. I th* prOO^ ** On P*Q* 9* AP»*Adi « W> 

into f *r*».ar » t • rou miiK to ftqot <rg* >m can«e> * . A jv*P to ^t 
tuidto <o«f • *» it all tftet it n«»0*d, o^fuu* ro<> Mill Rev* to 

■ h6« t th* boot pr* Or to uilM) F1*a • ach iiM rou pa>«f an. 

1*0 ' i»tn ting (*• peinimg, and ««ool>n<| opliMin It n ntcitur)' CO 
icU t PRINT, st 9 DMvt't *«f (ft* a* fvnCMor-t. Th* to't.iri i « I oc ■• *d 
o* b*0* 3. a 04 th* #M** Ut*rt Ktnuii . S.wplr crtngi tr* *C1* 
*9d***ttt*>, €PlC to £3X4 «nd EtJO to fi3Cf>. T^»^ it At I th*r* is to 

■ t. I * row w i *r> to t< • th» P'rimer to * e ar a l I • I imiruCfi in* 
to* h**r ■ «or ihi • it I ot a ■ »d en Pag* 3.7 Or (hi o* th* »*vc« ninuil . 
C»if>g> th* PIA addr*t**t •« n«uino. THAT 14 all ThERC IS TO lr< 



Anthony J\ I».»iit 
23 Cinttr St. 
Svl ImaA, N.H. e3*43 
t#i, («4}j 047-9797 



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North Wjivwun. Norfolk HfWB 9SA 

Tel 1009^404066 

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Attm Don riUUm 
5°TO Caisandri Smth 

r»0 &o. S49 
MlxiOr., IN 37343 
U.S.A. 



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With th* r*c«nt introduction of our n*k dcott (pro* frooriwir <UP*0M II) Into 
th* U.S. rurliot th# old «odtL hit b*tn dlicontlrujid. I would tikt to et*rif> th* 
• Ituat^on In ngard to U.S. pupport of thut productp by our dlttrlbutor, (lnlx. 



FLEX, SS8 DOS, «0S *nd 0S9 l« v *t 1/2 virtlon 1.1 tuf>p«rttd. 0S9 Itvil 1/2 
virpton 1.2 1» NOT pupportpd. Any QncMoi on tMi prochjct thould be »*ftt to ui. 

W6r/ HJPEL 

1. 6S09 FLU *» «v«Hpbl* dfrpctly froa iv> or OJUlx. 

2. 600° SUI Wl II ■VfllLabU «U*etLy fro* u* opjLT. 

3. froW RP05 (■ PvlUlblt dlrtctly troa up ONl t p 

4. GSV itvrl 1/2 vrriio' 1,2 lbft«4f-# it OvaUMlL* difrcllj *roa ui or GIHH, 

Sine* Wltll only rave FLEl pnd 0S9 pyttPtPt a* tttftr own Mnuficturt CUltO*>tr« 
Phoold KOT tPpect Glflll to ivPPly or puppO rt any Pthpr v«rp1onp of tr>« to ft •■•••, 
MO* ihould cuitoairt v<th ripPdwArt othar thin thpt »pni^*ctuf»d by GlNlH a %p*t t 
any puppcrt ulth til f f ) twit i«t arlplrtf) ogt of their hPrdwar* or to* t wart 
configuration. filMlf ar« Apt *n • POlfllon to waPlfy tny coAplalntp with our 
product on anythlmo othar than C1H1X hardware, we pupottt that owntrf, of 
nprnfijAlX hardware contact ui It they are not Prepared to accept th^i iftuatlon. 

We have tatted our 0s9 ioft>iare on 01f*I k i # 1I> and til lyitewi and Quprantae 
the toftvPre. 0*rforap at advertiied with thlt hardware. It ia ilaplr not 
practical for up to t*tt OCT poftware in all of the hardware environment! 
•vallaOle. If the ppftuare faltt to perfora the cuttoaer outt port 1t out aa it 
It lapoift-fblc for v» to do pa ulthout identical hardware* To thu pnd th* 
atieobly le^opee (puree of the device driver and daacriptor are auppl led, 

Toun faithfyUy^ 

allKlI t. tllllniDi 
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■*>*-■ i* a TwvlaiH of an nciliM n«_ POOQO tt-ur«iii,ri 
3i ibu warha «ltt . nor- bea*d Cf^/H 2.2 heat , but . *v*f> if yau feauajhf 
a **«** Hawii-a II *n' jm»" th**, mp-> t it If tiill Tn* *«*t c»H 
#*fat*i-ww 44)000 i.iU- !'■ *«•-• if, C^/X 4)*> im *i*l ttwp j»*t 
liahitt ic*t«rj **a'-a*.n* wyvtai* irturid, p>u1 it ia %uit# uaerta lp . 

1 ha*t tfiit rarviow ■* I I inctuTit* wm- o* vou- feada-t It 
[«nt<dir tna otfOOC aa an •Hirn«T>v* to th* aaK*. H dwaa •*•>•- to 
b« trw 'caatinaj iM^t ih a>iCTaoraca*aoTw. m*w if *aK cauid »<iiv 
pat QB-* wprh itppj an it S TM* mh faniitmd in a lavtaf IP| vauf 
Amw i mu i, but ««aarp, nfMi «n «atct%*m j 

PutH net* in* iddrm Chan** **t «*v aub*Cf <■< +*n. 
FlOi H*, rtAfp. BOVD TO W*. ►♦*«>. ItJrB 

«T rwn qp- tvc i-t_A[-« fHiiTf ■!» «3 fc*aj 

OTJDCC C1TV N£ *790i WOtlTA Kft «T300 



Thar* Tew. - // 



'66' Mtcto Journal 



43 



CO 



1668. A 6BOOQ Co- procmor Board for CP/M 



A* a devoted uur ■■ since t973 ) of Motorola 
fflicroproctttort , I hated to 90 ovtr to a 280 besed 
CP/M system when I naadad a portiblt computer. 
Reel ity f oread ma to gat a Keypro. but my heart 
etayvd with my 6809 OS-? system. Finally I has* 
found en estheticelly satisfying use for my 
'utility' CP/M computer. It makes en admirable host 
for a 68000 co-processor boerd. 

How don't get ma wrong, my Kaypro II la by far the 
bast buy in bundled computer herdwere end software 
around. I have no complaints about the available 

CP/M 80 software either. Both ere far batter than 
the i r 66xx<x> counterparts. The 380 may a van be e 

good microcofiPutiTf but It's architecture turns me 
off. It's just not e pleasure to work with, 
especially whan compered to the 6809. 

The 66000 family of mic rocompytere has the elegent 
architecture I've coma to expect from Motorola. My 
problem with 68000 systems hat been price. Moat 
reel 68000 systems seem to be trying to replace 
small minicomputers, end sail In e similar price 
renge. The single boerd 66000 systems I've saan at 
under s100# sre too limited to be useful except for 
educetlonei purposes. After considerable looking, I 
finally found a useful 66000 system thet I cen 
afford. The heert of this system is e co-processor 
boerd known as the CO 1668. It is sold by HSC INC. , 
262 £. Main Street, Frenkfort, New York 13340. Their 
telephone number is (315) 899-7426. They elso heve e 
8066/8186 co-Processor, the CO 1666. either board 
works with e wide range of J80 beeed, CP/M 2.2 
systems. 

I have hed my CD 1666 for a bit over two weeks now, 
end have worked with it essentially full time for 
thet period. I'm quite pleased with it. I should 
elso nots thet HSC was very nice to deel with. I 
Pieced my order by phone eer ly in May. They shipped, 
end bi I led my VISA cerd, unen they said they would. 
The salesperson I talked with was reasonably 
knowledgeble end got answers for my more technicel 
questions quickly. My ovarii L impreeeion of HSC , 
besad on that cell end the documentation they wrote 
for the eystam, is quite favorable. 

A coprocessor boerd hes e big price edventege over 
e full computer system. All It hes t» provide le e 
CPU . memory, end one relatively simple I/O chenne I . 
The host computer ects es en I/O processor 

controlling en extensive sat of I/O devices. If the 
host is e mess produced utility computer system, the 
result is quite coet effective baceusa of the low 
cost of the host herdwere. 

In the cesa of the Kaypro II / CO 1666 comtoinstton, 
e 236* 6HHi 66000 system with parity checking 
memory, two double density mini floppy drives, e 
good 60 K 24 display, s good keyboard, e printer 
port, e RS 232 modem port, end e bunch of software 
including the 'standard" CP/M 6 bit stuff < BASICs, 
word processing, spread sheets, simple OEMS, end 
some other utility programs) and CP/M 6GK (which 
includes e decent C compiler, en essambler, e 
linker, en erchivs C I Ibrery manager) program, end 
the stenderd CP/M utilities) cen be purchased for 
about s2l00 Including the Keypro <sl?9?>. For about 
•700 more, the 68000 system memory cen be expended 
to 768K. All the 66000 memory Is available es e RAM 
disk for the CP/M 80 systsm. Any increment of 128K 
of this memory cen elso be used es RAM disk under 
CP/M 68K. Since both processors use CP/Ti> the file 
systems end the console command interpreters ere 
completely compatible. This s I I ows eesy switching 
beck end forth between the CPU's, end the use of 
CP/M 80 ut I I ity soft were with CP/M 68K f I lee. It's 
not Q&~9* but it is e very usable system. 

This is sounding e bit too much like en ed. 
However, the only drawback a I've discovered in thie 
system ere pretty minor. A caveat here, I've only 
been uelng the systsm for e short time, maybe 60 hre 
of actual computer time. 

Perhaps the most serious drswbscfc the *4>9>X A thing 
is about 1/2 Inch too big too fit conveniently 
inside the Keypro. I hed to mount It on the outside, 
et least for now. It requires lees then 1 amp at 5 
V. which the Keypro provides without any problem. I 
em not sure how it would do with the fully expended 
memory. Remember this Is e generel purpose 



co-processor which will work with eny 280 basad 
system running CP/M 2.2. Also, for non hardware 
types. HSC sails a separate case end power supply 
for the co-Processor boerd. 



the Keypro II drives (191 K> ere usable, especielly 
in combination with the 126 K RAM disk, but e Keypro 
4 C380 K> would be better. I have hed some minor 
problems wi th com* at ibl I i ty between CP/M 80 end CP/M 
68K, when uelng CP/M SO nitielited disks with CP/M 
68K . the system trecks gst written over by dete 
fllee. This Is e minor problem since those trecks 
are only used when you cold boot the evstsm, worm 

boote of CP/M 66k don't use the disk. I Just keep e 
separate boot disk end use it only for booting or 
sattmg up the RAM disk under CP/M 80. Cold booting 

is a I way a to CP/M SO. then e program Is run to load 
CP/M 68K and set up ttie I/O interface. It takes 

lees then hetf e minute to be up end running CP/M 
68K. 

To the casual user CP/M 68K le CP/M 80 2.2 with some 
mlnor enhancements. For the more serious user, tho 
enhancements ere quite sign if (cent in thet syetem 
cetle ere provided to teke edventege of the much 
more eoph 1st tested 68000 processor. The Digital 
Research C provided with the operating system does 
not support floeting point, but it te quite powerful 
end does follow Kernlghen and Ritchie. It elso 
provides many of the feetures of UNIX C, where they 
make sense In e CP/M 66K environment, or where they 
cen be elmuleted. I do not have much experience 
with C, but, efter working with it for e week, this 
does eppeer to be good implamentet Ion. The entire 
CP/M 68K system seeme to be deeigned around the UNIX 
C environment, e very good way to go with the 66000. 

The software documentation supplied with the systsm 
Is good but minimal. Severe) sections assume 
explicitly thet you have other reference books 
snd/or manuals available. This is better then en 
implicit eesumption, but frustreting e i nee these 
references ere neither supplied nor reedi ly 
eveiieble to moet users. the herdwara documentation 
Is almost nonsxistent. The inetelletion is simple 
end well documented. The ovarii I quality of the 
document et I on (e good, but the coverage is barely 
adequate for en experienced user. There ia no 
tutorial metsrial nor any exemples for eny of the 
eoftwere other then the installation package. This 
system Is not suiteble for en inexperienced user. 
Fami I ler ity wi th CP/M end C Is assumed. Femi I leri ty 
wl th the 6&0OO is e I so useful in reeding the 
documentation. The system documentation wee 

daaigned for hardwere neophytes with extensive 
eoftwere backgrounds. 

The eoftwere supplied with my system came on two IBM 
format OS DP mi ni f I opp les. It wee e pain to gat it 
down loeded to Kaypro II format. I think there wea 
a misunderstanding when I ordered, since I requested 
etendard eight Inch CP/M. HSC did offer to download 
to Kaypro II format, but for a fifty dollar charge. 

A eource code peckege for HBC'a pert of the software 
Is mentioned, but price end availability information 
are not given. NEC says that the supplied source 
code le set up for their own assemble re. Thie means 
a further expense or hessie to make use of It. 

I heven't run many benchmarks for performance, but a 
6 MHz 68000 with 200 ne. memory should provide more 
than edequete performance by microcomputer etendard* 
( I.e. blow away anything els* neer this price 
renge >, The C version of the sieve alogorlthm, from 
6VTEj does ten iteretlons in ebout ten seconds,. 
Thie Is several times es feat as *fte bast 8 bit 
times I've saan for tfela algorithm. Tne C compiler 

uses 3 paasas Plus the aasembly pees end the linker 
pees. T>ie entire process cen be controlled by 
supplied submit files end takes ebout two minutes, 
using the RAM disk for the linker end C I ibrery, for 
small C program. The output of the linker ia a 
relocatable object file. The erchlve program is 
usad to build and mainteln libraries of functions 
creeted as Object code files. My overall impreeeion 
ie thet CP/M 68K will be e very good program 
development environment once I get it ell figured 
out. Batter documentation would make the figuring 
out process e bit leee time consuming. It's major 
limitation le the CP/M file etructure, but the 
abi I i ty to use my existing file utility software Is 
quite vslueble. It ie Juet e single user, atngla 
teak environment j but it le e decant one. 



'68' Micro Journal 



In conclusion, ths CO 1668 co - Procsssor system is a 
nica ptici of work. In conjunction with a Z90 basad 
CP/M 2.2 systsm, it provlOtt a powerful 6300O tyittct 
at a vtry reasonab le price. It i* txp»n(tebLi, 
portable In tha sense that It could ba transfarrad 
to other Z8G based tyiltnti and iaty to Install. It 
Co<nes with a «ood toflwirt packeee but weak moftwara 
documantat Ion . Tha harduere look* 90od and works 
wall, but is totally undocumented. CX«r«l I , I « 
very pleased to have such a nica system for so small 
a pftct. 



Hark J. Boyd 

Box S3. Wichita State University 

Wichita, KS 6T20Q 



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tPIDKSI DCTICTtS 



Deer Ed 1 tori 

Cncloetd is ■ short progren for the Bit Bucket. It 1b a 
rilX utility which allova the ueer to sand teat directly fro* the 
Keyboard to the printer. It Is called QPHIhT. It accepts a line 
of teat fro. the keyboard using FLEX' a 1HBDFT routine. When 
•Utturn* is pressed* QPRIMT sanda It Co the printer. I mi thla 
coamnd to do such things as type short notes or address 
envelopes. IKBUpr illoua the line of tent to be edited ualn? the 
"Backspace" and 'Delete* keys before It ia senC to Che printer. 

QPRINT uses r LEX'S POUT vector at SCCEt (or SACE4) for 
the printing. Became of this* it does not turn off pause like 
the P cosssnd does. The prograai assuaara that the printer drivers 
have already been loaded into Major y. If thla In not the cm in 
your ay a t». QPRINT can be APPCNDed onto your trlntet driver so 
that both vlll load at the ease tl.e. 

1 hope that the progrs*. ia of interest Co your readers. 

Sincerely* 



ft 



DEHERAL fTUCRD SVSTEI71S 



ihCO**0**T|0 



Kenneth Drealer 



311 Kit son Way 

Larkspur. California 949JI 



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OCT NEXT GMIMCTEI 



NEW PRODUCT RELEASE 
PHOTO ATTACHED 



For tear* information: 
George U(|i < JHK.?3.54?i 

1»C USES 16- OR 8- BIT CPU, HAS 
M HDttKV, MULTIPLE I/O PORTS 



ONTARIO, Calif.. July II, 1984 -- An advanced single board 
coaaputer with a choice of 16- or S-blt CPUs, 6SK of on-board 
saeaory, two aerial sad tvo parallel pores, an IEEI-4M pore, and 
ae Opto 22 pore chat can be uaed co directly control Industrial 
relay nodulea, Is now available freer Caneral Hlcro Systeaa, Inc. 

Tne new ewdule. CKS61C7, la Che only EXORbua awdule Co offer 
Che 6B0O8 16-bit alcroproeeesor. It also can be supplied with B-blt 
W09, ZM. 6>02 or 9900 CPUs in 1 or I Wi. Thus with (he 68D08. 
BMajory oparaclon can be high apaed, S end In Ml*., asynchronous 
Tne advanced faacuraa can also allow che aodule Co be part of t 
2-bosrd (809 devo lope in c. eyelets And. ayatceai on the 8-bit dsca bu« 
can be upgraded Co 16-bit when desired. 

The raodule offers excenslve digital I/O cspabllity. It includes 
two full RS232C porta with IS prograaasable baud rataa. Two parallel 
printer porti. or one printer and 18 additional uaer programssblr 
1/0 lines, are aleo offered. A CPIB. or IEEE-488 controller/talker/ 
llatener pore la alio supplied. Additionally, twenty bidirec t lonsl ly 
fully buffered I/O lines ere esch capable of driving 3C raA, for use 
with Industrial I/O aodulea such as che Opco 72. 

6SK of on-board. high-speed, static CMOS nccaory nay elinlnatr 
any need for additional external CMxraory. reducing syacesi buard touni . 

TTae design allows 68000 aMsxory oparaclon wlch no wale cycles for 
faster transfer ratae. Tne aattaory section provides eight byte. wide 
sockets which esn accept II i I or II > 1 devlcea , high speed 
static RAM or tSMimat. Each device easy be disabled via OIP 
ewicches or the entire aavaory may be disabled under eoftware control, 
to allow boocecrappLog. 

T*M 6809 ■ Z80, 6502 and 990C alcroproceaeors are uaed aa pare 
of OTl/cranslator Bets, a»ilch cm be plugged Into the sssm socket 
that accepta the 68008. Extended addreeelng OB16-A19) end bank 
■witching slgnele (VUA, VXA) are generated wtvrn the CPU/tranalators 
are ueed. 

Another tr ana la tor la available to plug into the CPIB socket, 
lnla supplies a real clew, battery-backed. clock/calendar/RAH In 
place of the IRE-486 port. A precision threshold deteetor end write 



'68' Micro Journal 



45 



protect elrcvilcry Is alio Included. 

Priority level Interrupt logic caeca programing. Pover~on reset 
with an additional react eultch .-c the top of the nodule, provide* 
an additional safety feature. 

I/O and amor? on Che CMS6507 are switch selectable for bn. 
address, with •nable/dlssble. All address, data and control signal j 
are buffered with trl.state buffers with DKA capability. 

The swdule la fully socketed, over voltage end reverse polsrlt" 
protected. Burned-ln lor ?J hours. It carries o full year warranty. 

The 6- Inch by ». 75- Inch CMS6507 sdvsnced single board lomnuter 
Is priced et $685 In single piece quancicy (less mraory devices). 
Delivery Is fron stock, standsrd OEM discounts ire offered 

General Micro Sysceva Inc., located at 132(1 Chsffey Ct.. Ontario 
CA 91762, designs snd Manufactures s family of microcomputer nodules 
snd eyscesM directly co»p.clble with the Motorola Micromodule. EXORtis. 
and Rockwell System 6S/AD4 65 busses, plus sssoclated software. 



Gerald O'Keefe 
2446 Watson Ct. 
Palo Alto, CA 94303 
(415) 856-0300 

CLOCK - MX80 PRINTER INTERFACE 

I enclose a schematic and program listing of a 
clock/MX60 printer Interface card I designed. The 
clock circuit uses the National Semiconductor clock 
chip KM58I7- If have It link In to FLEX" during 
bootup, so It displays date end time automatically. 
The FORMAT for the display Is shown below: 

OATE THURSOAY SEP 24 1981 

TIME 8:49:52 

The printer Interface to the MX80 printer (which I 
find Is a very good printer for the money) uses 
'Centronics' parallel standard, so this should work 
with other printers also. The software samples the 
error line from the printer. If an error Is found 
It's printed on the CRT terminal. Printer error? 
are I Isted below. 

OUT OF PAPER , 

7 

NOT SELECTED ; 

7 

PRINTER POWER OFF I 

i» 

ii 
..- 

r 



Larry O'Keefe 



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47 



40a 40lh BtrttL 

Naw Orlaanr*.. LA 701S4 

(504) 3AB-A130 



irioua data ancrvj-tion frticitt 
ft tnciphfrini ■ film i* <j»ala»i 
a <U»-» > Flax 2.0 uaar* »T9 

t\\m rfia4n« -on a ditfe ut.iil »ta 



Do*. UillUM 

'AH/ Micro Journal 

J010 M*i..l Road 

P.O. Hom B4.9 

Hi. rt ft an i rtnntisa* 37343 

[*«-ar Dor.* 



l'v» r»o<J with ir>tara«L trtw V 
tnm hivr jrr»*r»a in wour ■■••fin 
if thi orilint) fill itt laft <K» 
•indoubtablv *«*r» that a 'dalatad* 
ujcf it ricliiMd &w to a fit* •*n*liB*nt itrtttt. For thoit F !•» 
?.0 uBpri Uiat da oot want to anciafiat r i la* in w lac** tha 
follauini prcdrn Mill r*P-|ai:> a f 1 la u| lh tFtiti bafora da latin* 

it: 



A • AUTHOR! JaftWft L. Ifin 

5 ■ 40a 40th Strict 

6 t Nvu Ormnti I.*. 70124 
7 

6 * Mum iftu tourc* (• «»»«ablad •• 

9 • I.2CR0.CHB. tha FLEX 2.0 coaaand 

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11 ■ will dalata t.h» fiia *d. d lanaaa.axt * 
I? • «.ftar raplacira itt conlantt with 

13 * *raca*> 



FILE COWtROt. BLOCK, 

FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CALL. 

WARHSTART EHTRr POINT. 

hli CHARACTER. 

PUT CHARACTER. 

GET FILE SPECIFICATION. 

SET EXTENSION. 

REPG T ERROR. 



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I rtop-a that tht» rroirii lOlvit a HCUrltVJ Cfobl« for *a 
your rmmdmrt . 



O 1 n r ■ ra i V < 

Cimmm% Li I 



•68' Micro Journal 
3018 Kami. 11 Rd. , 
PO Box 8/»9 
Hixson, Tennessee 
373W U.S.A. 



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A 


3 


SET FOR UPDATE. 


• 4 


A10E 


A7 


00 






STA 


A 


O.X 


SAVE IN FILE CONTROL BLOCK. 


S3 


A110 


LIS 


Ol 






ERA 


A 


1 




M 


A112 


n 


AJ> 


13 




JSR 




BETCXT 


SET DCFAULT EXT. 


5 7 


A113 


Mi- 


M 


M 




JSR 




Fns 


CALL FILE HANAO RENT STSTEN 


M 


Al 18 


.V 


M 






1.F il 




LOU2 


ERRORS 1 


39 


AHA 


11- 


AO 


11 


OSkCRR 


JBB 




RPTERR 


REPORT ERROR. 


60 


Alio 


.'1 


HB 


01 




JAP 




UARHS 


RETURN TO FLEX. 


.1 


A120 


Hi 


tf 




L0U2 


LDA 


A 


»FF 




4.' 


AI22 


A7 


3R 






STA 


A 


59. X 




al 




















M 




















43 










a LOOP 


TO ZERO 


FILE. 




a» 




















h. h 


A124 


B4 


00 




iiiu-, 


LDA 


A 







M 


A126 


A7 


00 






SIA 


A 


O.X 




4)9 


A128 


HO 


64 


04 




JSR 




FNS 


OCT CHARACTER TO BE ZEROED. 


*o 


AI2R 


27 


03 






lin 




(lliAi 7 




»l 


AI2D 


7E 


Al 


49 




JW 




L0W7 




f2 


AI30 


66 


Al 


03 


OKAT7 


LOA 


A 


DBTTE 




fj 


A133 


A7 


23 






9TA 


A 


33.X 




r* 


AliS 


84 


12 






t»A 


A 


IB 




173 


A137 


A7 


00 






STA 


A 


O.X 




?♦ 


A139 


B4 


20 






LDA 


A 


32 




f 77 


mil 


RD 


84 


06 




JBR 




FAS 


URITE SPACE. 


7* 


A13E 


27 


06 






BEO 




NEXT2 




.■V 


A 140 


ID 


Al' 


V 




JSN 




RPTERR 




H-i 


A143 


7E 


Ml 


i-; 




JW' 




NEC! 3 




Rl 


At 46 


HA 


• 1 


03 


NEXT7 


i on 


A 


DUTTI 




■a 


A149 


tu- 


M 






A [ill 


M 


I 




■3 


-Mil 


rn 


00 






CMP 


* 







M 


A1AD 


l'i 


14 






RNE* 




^T«o^ 




M 


A14F 


CE 


■Ml 


4 




LIU 




OCR 




Hi 


A132 


-(- 


M 






LAA 


A 


10 




87 


A13% 
Al3f 


A7 


00 






SIA 


A 


o.x 




SB 


in 


1)4 


04 




JSR 




F«3 


RE SURE SECTOR URITTfn. 



SEC10R.CMD for ?l£X 09 
Dear Editor:- 

Enclosed program is a revised version of Bill 

Night's SECTOR which appeared in June 1980 issue. 

Original was modified to fit to ?l£X 09 on 5 inch 

disk and to be position independent. 

Reader may have to change following values 

depending on his system construction. 

C10F 01 . . highest drive number in HEX 
C11A 28 . . maximum track number in HEX 
C125 .OA .. highest sector number in HEX 

He could disable checking function by replacing 

these values with FFs. 

Many thanks to Bill for his fine work. 



lours 




K.Mitadera ^^-' 
126 Sedgefield, 
Pointe Claire, 
Quebec CANADA 
H9R INS 



* SCCTM.CPC • 

.Itt.l.Mtl*.. 

* 

* THIS POJWWPI PU.0MS ONV SECTOR 
» OH A DISK TO BE eXAmNETX 

» THIS IS N REVISED UERSIOM OF 

* BILL KHiaHTS PTO-jRHII 

* tmfifSD IH JiJNF 1996 ISSUE OF 69 rllCKO. 

* FOR FLCX 9. 
t 

» TVfE *SKTC«,<ORIL47;),<.TI»UO<>. (SECTOR)*. 

* MX HJJBtSEW IN HEX. 

* EtUBTte 



CC3C 

OM2 



OUTWEX 
SETHEM 



EOU 
EOU 



tCWC 
KM! 



68' Micro journal 



C024 PCRLF EOU 

C018 PUTCHR EOU 

eon mart* Eou 

COIF RPTEJOI EOU 

COIE PSTSH8 EOU 



Mae fws 

CM* FCB I 

• ACTUM. 



BOU 



*C024 

•cdib 

*CPM 

•coy 

KOIE 
•04K 

•cs*e 

STOUTS HERS 



CIM 
CIM 28 

C1B2 81 
C1B3 M 

ci»» tm 

CIM 8C 

cim 17 

CI8C 20 
CIOE 81 
Clll 2E 
C1I2 A7 
CIM 17 
C1I7 20 

cut ei 

CUB 2E 
CliO A7 
C12B BO 
CI22 V 
CI24 6] 
CI26 2C 
CI28 A7 
C128 96 
Cl» A7 
C12P BO 
CIJ2 26 
CIM BO 

cij? be 



v* Fca 

LINE FC8 

or fob 



cue 

73 

•1 

V 

83 

•Ml 

6E 

27 

6A 

68 IE 

76 

69 

•fl 

69 

as if 

89 
84 

0486 
44 

CD24 



SECT I 



LOX 

LBS8 

BLT 

CMPA 

B6T 

STA 

LBSR 

BLT 

CJ4PA 

SOT 

STB 

B6R 

BLE 

CMPA 

BUT 

STB 

LOA 

STH 

JSR 

ere 

J» 
cox 



•CIB8 
SKTI 

I 
8 
8 

•pes 

HEXIN 

orverb 
•i 

DABM 

3.X 

HEXIN 



■39 

TRKERR 

JB.x 

MCXIM 
SEC TERR 

tie 

SECTERR 
31. X 
•9 

O.X 
FMS 
OSKERR 
PCRYF 

•FC6«3B 



UERSICN •) 

LtrC BAXTER 

TOTOBBflV flOORESS STOWS 

POINT TO FC8 
SET DR1UE * 

ualio oriue? 

HIGHEST tl CTW0-OR1UE) 
STORE IT IN FS8-0R1UE • 

err track • 

URL10 TRflOO 

H1C4CST 139 <5" D1SK> 

STORE IT !H FCB-TRAC* • 
SET SECTOR • 
UALID SECTOR' 
HIGHEST tie (3- DISK) 

STORE IT IN FC8-SECT0R 
SET FOR REB0 SINGLE SECTOR 

OPEN FILE 
ERROR' 

OUTPUT TRUCK • 



C106 49 4E 36 41 

CIM *C 49 44 2* 

CIM 34 32 41 43 

CIE2 48 28 H 53 

C1E6 40 42 43 32 
CIEA 84 

Cl£» 49 4£ 36 41 

CIEF 4C 49 44 28 

C1F3 33 43 43 34 

C1F7 4F 32 28 E 

C1F8 33 40 42 43 
CIFF 32 
C28B 84 



R<S> OCTECTEO 
SYIWOL TABLE I 



FCC 



FCB 
FCC 



FCB 



'1MUALI0 TRACK WfCCR* 



•IHUALIO SECTOR 



SECT 



ORVERR C18I 
ERK4 C1EB 
HEXIN C198 
PSTRH8 COIE 
SSCT C1B8 
SECTS C167 
IMPS CtXM 



OSKERR CITS 
EXIT C173 
HEXOVT C1A9 
PUTCHR C0I8 

secti ci« 
SECTER ciao 



ERRI C1B1 T3BT2 C1C1 ERJJ3 C1C* 

FCB C848 PUS 0486 OCl C042 

LINE CIB3 OUTHEx CMC PCRLF C024 

ftOeSS C193 REPORT CI7C 8PTERR C03F 

SECT2 CMC SECTS CIS] SSCT4 CISC 

TEMP CI 84 TRMBJS C187 \JH C1B2 



SUPPORT YOUR 
ADVERTISERS 



ClJfl 80 
CISC 8E 
C1JF 80 
CHI BO 
C144 BE 
C147 86 
C149 A7 
CI4C C6 
CME AF 
C131 BC- 
CI33 J* 
CL33 Sfl 
CI36 26 
CI38 AC 
C13B C6 
CISC A6 
C13F B4 
C16I 81 
CI63 22 
C163 86 
CI67 80 
CI6A 3A 
CI68 26 
C160 BO 
C178 6A 
CI 3 26 
C173 7E 



CI 78 38 
CI7C BO 
CI7F 28 
CIS1 38 
CIB3 28 
C187 38 
C1B8 28 
C180 38 
C19I 28 
C193 BC 
C196 28 



CI98 34 
CI9A 80 
CI90 23 
C19F AF 
C1A3 A6 
CIA7 S3 



C1A9 BO 
CIAC B6 

ciae re 



60 

CBJF 

68 

C024 

CBBB 

18 

BC 87 

18 

8C 83 

36 

81 

F9 

8C A9 

IB 

88 

7F 
IF 
82 

3F 

coie 

FB 
C024 
BC 98 

07 
COM 



BO 0A33 

CD1E 

F4 

BO 981C 

PS 

80 8848 

EF 

bo eesA 

E9 

C03F 

oo 



18 

C042 

F4 

80 FF61 

80 FTTE 



C03C 
28 

coie 



bsr 

L»X 

bsr 

JSR 

t«t 

LOB 

STA 
SECT2 LOB 

STX 
SECT3 BSR 

LEAX 

OECB 

BNE 

LOX 

LOB 
SECT4 LOB 

MOB 

CMPA 

BH! 

LOR 
SECTS JSR 

OECB 

BNE 

JSR 

OEC 

•KIT JMP 

• ERROR ROUTINE 



MEXCUT 
•FC8.3I 
HEXOUT 
RCRLF 

tfce.6 

■ 16 

LIME. PER 

t!6 

TEW.PCR 

MEXOUT 

l.X 

SECT3 
TEHP.RCR 

■ 16 

a.x* 

■ i 

• IIF 

SEC13 
MV 

PUT CM) 

SECT4 
PCRLF 
Lire. RCA 
SECT2 
UARnS 



DSKERR LEAX 

sn.tr l .k 
BRA 

DRVERR LEAX 
BRA 

TRKERR LEAX 
BRA 

SBCTBRR LEAX 
BRA 
LOX 
BRA 

• HEX INPUT 

HEX IN PSKS 
JSR 
BCS 
SIX 

LOR 

ruts 

• HBX OUTPUT 

NEXLVT JSR 
LOB 
JHP 



ERRI.PCR 

PSTRHG 

EXIT 

ESR2.PCR 

REPORT 

ERR3.PCR 

REPORT 

ERC4.PCR 

R8P0RT 

RPTERR 

EXIT 



OUTPUT SECTOR 1 



POINT TO OATA 
SET LIME CttKT 

SET BOLI*» CttKT 
SAtC X 

OUTPUT OATA BVTE 
POINT TO MBXT BATB 
DECREMENT COLUPH COUN? 
END OP THE LINE' 
BEfilNNIHS OP TIE LINE 
«SE> COLLtw COMT 
POINT TO OBTB 
MASK MSB 
CCWTRH. CW> 

REPLACE IT BV UKXSXUSE 

OVTTVT IT 

06CROWT OILUHH COUNT 

EH» OF THE LINE' 

OECRCICNT LIME COUNT 
El* OF THE SECTOR' 



POINT TO NESSAS 



POUT TO MESSAGE 
POINT TO MESSAGE 



POINT TO MESSAGE 
POINT TO NESSASE 



X SAtC X 

SETMEX SET HEX OATA 

ROERR EKROS? 

TEHP.PCR STORE HEX OATA IN TEMP 

TEMP»1.PCR LOAD ITS LS8 

X.PC RETURN 



OUTHEX 
• •29 

PUTCHR 



OUTPUT HEX OATA 
OUTPUT A SPAE 



CIBI 44 4) S3 48 
CI83 21 32 45 41 
CIB9 44 28 43 32 
CIBO 32 «F 32 
CIC8 94 

CICI 49 4E 36 41 
CIC3 4C 49 44 28 
C1C9 44 32 49 36 
C1CD 43 M « 33 
CI01 40 42 43 32 
CIP3 84 



• ERROR STRINGS 
ERftl FCC 



FCB 
FCC 



FCB 



■DISK READ ERROR' 



'llMHIO 0R1UE NUMBER- 



68 laCRO J0URMA1 PROGRAMS - DISK 

D1sk-1 Fllesort. Hlnlcat. Hlnlcopy. Mlnifms. 

•lifetime, "Poetry, "Foodllst. *»01et. 
01ik-2 Olskedit «*/ Inst. a fixes, Prlaie, *?rraod, 

••Snoopy, "Football, "HexBawn.«Ufe tine 
D1sk-3 Cbug09, Seel. Sec2. Find. TableZ, Intext. 

Disk-Exp, •Olsksawe. 
01sk-4 Hailing Program, *F1nddat. 'Change, 

♦Testdlsk. 

• 1»k-5 *DISKF1X 1, "OISKFIX 2. "LETTER. 

"LOVESIGN. "BLACKJAK, "BOWLING. 
Msk-6 "Purchase Order, Index (Disk file Indx) 
Dlsk-7 Linking Loader, Rload, Harkness 
Dlsk-8 Crtest, Lanpher (Hay 82) 
D1sk-9 Oatecopy, D1skfix9 (Aug 8?) 
Msk-10 Hone Accounting (July 82) 
Wsk-11 Dissembler (June 84) 
D1lk-12 Hodem68 (Hay 84) 
DISK-13 *ln1tmf68. Testmf68. 'Cleanup, *0skal1gn. 

*Leobug, Help 
D1sk-14 "Inlt, "Test, •Terminal. 'Find. *D1sked1t. 

Help 

MOTE: 
This 1s a reader service ONLY! No Warranty Is 
offered or Implied. The Disk Files are as 
received by '68' Rtcro Journal, and are for reader 
convenience ONLY (some HAY Include fixes or 
patches). Also 6800 and 6809 programs are 
mixed, as each Is fairly simple (mostly) to 
convert to the other. 

PRICE: 8" Disk J29.J5 - 5" Disk J24.95 

u mora jouiial 

P06 794 

Hlxson. TM 37343 

615-842-4600 

* Indicates 6800; ** Indicates BASIC SWTPC or 

TSC 
6809 has no Indicator. 

■AST!* CAJtD - VISA accepted 
Foreign — add 101 for surface 
or 201 for alrl! 



'68' Micro Journal 



49 




..H£A* y£. HBAR 



OS9" USER NOTES 

By: Peter Dibble 

r m 

As Published in 68 Micro Journal 



The publishers of 68 Micro Journal are proud to announce the 
publication of Peter Dibbles 0S9 USER MOTES, in book form. 



** 






Telex 558 414 PVT BTH 



^ 
*» 



2* 



Information for the BEGINNER to the PRO, 
Regular or CoCo 0S9 



Using 0S9 

HELP, HINTS, PROBLEMS, REVIEWS, SUGGESTIONS, COMPLAINTS, 0S9 STANDARDS, 
Generating a New Bootstrap, Building a new System Disk, 0S9 Users Group, etc. 

Program Interfacing to 0S9 

DEVICE DESCRIPTORS, DIRECTORIES, "FORKS", PROTECTION, "SUSPEND STATE", "PIPES", 

"INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM", etc. 

Progranring Languages 

Assembly Language Programs and Interfacing; Basic09't C, Pascal, and Cobol 

reviews, programs, and uses; etc. 

Disks Include 

Source Code and, where applicable, assembled or compiled Operating Programs. 
The Source and the Discussions in the Columns can be used "as is", or as a 
"Starting Point" for developing your OMN more powerful Programs. Programs 
sometimes use multiple Languages such as a short Assembly Language Routine 
for reading a Directory, which is then "piped" to a Basic09 Routine for output 
formatting, etc. 

!!! Coming Soon !!! 
Catch Us Next Month 
for More Details 

Continually Updated In 68 Micro Journal Monthly 

Computer Publishing Inc. 
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. gm^ 

VISA Hixson, TN. 37343 M/C " 

USA Call Toll FREE for Ordering 



fh 



2* 



Tel: 1-800-338-6800 

In Tennessee Call (615) 842-4600 £hg 



34 VV3H 



J A 



50 



'68' Micro Journal 



+-imtec 



AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT 

FROM 
IMTEC EQUIPMENT INC 



QUIX* and the IMTEC 256 will be on display at INFO '84 in New York from October 
1st to the 4th, at the New York Coliseum, Booth 3229. 



If you are familiar with UNIX* systems, be ready for a surprise. . . . 

QUIX* and the IMTEC 256, designed by the same team, give a price/performance 
which will really boost your software sales — why not see for yourself and become a 
distributor? 

If you can't make it, then write or phone for literature and arrange an appointment 
to meet us outside exhibition hours at our office: 



Suite 10K 
333 East 49th St. 
New York, NY 
Phone 212-832-9065 



Or: 



Imtec Equipment Inc. 

1 083 Thomas Busch Memorial Highway 

Pennsauken, New Jersey 08110 

Toll-free: 1-800-257-7460 

(In New Jersey, phone 609-663-3212) 



' QUIX is a UNIX-compatible operating system written by IMTEC for the IMTEC 256. 
' UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. 



'68' Mfcro Journal 



51 



Classified Advertising 



TELETYPE Model 43 PRINTER - with serial (RS232) 
Interface, and full ASCII keyboard. LIKE MEW - New cost 
$1295.00 - ONLY (759.00 ready to run - Call Tom - Larry 
- Bob, CPI 615 842-4600 

MEX6801 Support (development) system for Exorclsor or 
Exorterm. Consists of Intercept, Control and Buffer 
modules, software, documentation. User System Evaluator 
(USE) capability, real time emulation, EXORtms compatible. 
List price MEX6801 S2700. For sale at $1200. Also 10 
card slot power supply, rack mount chassis (M68MM.C) for 
J 300. 
Contact Karl Ritzlnger (603W 34-2300 (NH> days- 

Got PC Envy. Selling Gimix 6809 computer with clock, 0MA 
disk controller, 56K RAM. Lots of software Including 0S- 
9, FLEX-9. Only SI 995. Oual 80tk drives $500. 
John Pomeroy {216)372-4457. 

2 Complete SWPT Sys 6809/6800, MF-68. 0C-1, MP-R, WS. 
ACT-I, XRASIC. Software, Manuals $700. 
Ausle (415) 532-6031. 



Heathklt Hero-I Robot with Speech synthesizer. 

assembled and functions ! 

Best Offer- (617) 264-4613 evenings. 



Hard Disk- SWTPC C0S-2 (40MB) 

modification with MPMD2 

an offer. 

Paul Helm, 2520 S. Main St 

2375. 



assemb ly. 
Just under 2 years old. 



Fully 



2 Mhz 
Make 



Akron, OH 44319 (216) 644- 



COVILER EVALUATION SERVICES 
By: Ron Anderson 

TTte S.E. MEDIA Division of Cu^xrtw 

Publlshlng Inc.. 

Is offering ttie following SUBSCRIBER 

SERVICE': 

COMPILER COfARISION AND EVALUATION RETORT 

Oue to the constant and rapid updating and 
enhanchment of numerous compilers, and the 
different utility, appeal, speed, level of 
communication, memory usage, etc., of 
different compilers, the following services are 
now being offered with periodic updates. 

This service, with updates, will allow you who 
are wary or confusea by the various claims of 
compiler vendors, an opportunity to review 
comparisons, comments, benchmarks, etc., 
concerning The many different compilers on 
the market, for the 6809 microcomputer. 
Thus the savings could far offset tfie small 
cost of this service. 

Many have purchased compilers and then 
discovered that the particular compiler 
purchased either Is not the most efficient 
for their purposes or does not contain 
features necessary for their application. 
Thus the added expense of purchasing 



additional compllerts) or not being able to 
fully utilize the advantages of high level 
language compilers becomes too expensive. 

The following COMPILERS are reviewed initially, 
more wlllvbe reviewed, compared and 
benchmarked as they become available to the 
author: 

PASCAL "C" GSPL WHIMISCAL PL/9 

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(Includes 1 year updates) 
Updates for 1 year - $14.50 

S.E. MEDIA - CPI 

5900 Cassandra Smith, P06 794 

Hlxson, TN 37343 

615 842-4601 




449.95 



Announcing. . . 
THE SHELL FOR FLEX 9" 

» IN? S/CU 



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PO Boa 1227 

Woodhaven, NY 11421 
(212) 423-5596 



/T 



K-BASIC 

tor OS9 * «J£X 

$199 

K-BASIC Is o complete BASIC compiler pocxoge including trie com- 
piler llseK; the ossembl at; documen lotion, and sample prog) am 5. It lea 
tures ax atomic doio fypes inducing tool numbers, sltlrgs. B bil. 16 bit. 
32 bil. and 64 bil signed Integers. All types may be dimensioned with 
•tie or two subsolpts K-BASIC corvverts programs to MACHINE Ian 
guoge Code which mcy be put into EPROMS or ROMS 
K-BASIC syntax Is very close lo TSC's BASIC and XBASIC Interpreter Lire 
numbers ore not teauirad (may be up lo 16 oharoclers) Vanable 
nomes may be up to 12 characters tong 1he AT statement dlmensicro 
variatJes la absolute memory addresses 

Ttie Mure of KBASIC will see oddlllonol versions (of Itie assorted Inler 
prefers currently available This mearxs you can cample your BASIC pro- 
grams you row hove 



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Cad (503) 666-! 097 toi our CATAL06. we hove many orhet 
programs Including: DO... $69 OSM ..$99 ED/ASM ..$69 

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for OS9 * FLtX 

$399 

CRASMB is the Nghlyoccloimed cross o*embterPockogetor OS9and 
FLEX systems, and is the only one of Its type available It turns your com 
outer Into a development station for mete CPUs: 

6800 6801 6804 6805 6309 6911 6502 
7000 1802 B04B 8051 8080 8085 ZBO 
168000 16 32 bit cross assembler $249) 
CRASMB leotoes Include Moctos. Conditional assembly. Llbroiy tile 
calls (12 deep). Symbol length to 30 characters. Symbol cross reference 
tablBS. Object code In A formats (OS9. FLfX. S1-S9. INTEL HEXJ. plus 
many othet extended directives and options not loririd on olher 
assemblers 

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Ausl alia Ports Radio Elecfionlcs (61 2 344 9111) 

0S9 i» a " d Mlciwore, KB i» « DlWC 



52 



'68' Micro Journal 



GOOD NEWS ! 



V 



fltnrtff,/ 



MtaL 



CORPORATION 

fi-/7 W. Virginia SI. 
Milwaukee. Wt 5:t'2(H 
(tl0 27fi-2»H7 



c 

for the 

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mS NEVER 

BETTER! 

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Introl's highly acclaimed 6809 C 
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implementation. The Runtime Library has 
been expanded and the Library Manager is 
even more versatile and convenient to use. 
Best of all, compiled code is just as 
compact and fast-executing as ever - and 
even a bit more so! A compatible macro 
assembler, as well as source for the full 
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options. 

Resident compilers are available under 
Uniflex, Flex and OS9. 
Cross-compilers are available for PDP- 
11/UNIX and IBM PC/PC DOS hosts. 

Trademarks: 

Introl-C. Introl Corporation 

Flex and Uniflex, Technical Systems Consultants 

OS9. Microware Systems 

PDP-11, Digital Equipment Corp 

UNIX. Bell Laboratories 

IBM PC, International Business Machines 

For further information, please call or write. 



'68' Micro Journal 



63 



nil BtsKtm mm warts* muck ah 



•Z TOLL FMEC 

1 -800 



TELEI SSI 414 PVT ITH 



338-6800 igS 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hixson, TN 37343 

lor Information 

C«ll (« 15) 842-4601 

COCO OS-»" FL1X" 

SOFTWARE 



Southeast Media 

DIET- THAT, forms ter 

OIET-TAAC Forecaster is an XBASIC prograa that plans a diet 
In terns of either calories and percentage of carbohydrates, 
proteins and fats (C P GI> or grans of Carbohydrate. Protein 
and Fat food exchanges of each of the six basic food groups 
(vegetable, bread, neat, skin milk, fruit and fat) for a specific 
individual. 

Sex. Age. Height, Present Weight. Fraae Site. Activity Level 
and Basal Metabolic Kate for nor nil Individual »re taken Into 
account, [deal weight and sustaining calories for any weight of 
the above individual are calculated. Mhen a weight goal Is 
given (either gain or loss), and a calorie plan Is agreed upon 
between the computer and the individual, the number of days to 
reach the weight goal Is projected. The starting and ending 
rate of weight loss Is calculated, and a dally calendar with 
each day's weight for a 30-day period is printed. 

F - JS9.9S 
U - S89.9S 



Southeast Media 

IDATA 

A £(W*JHCATIM Package 

for the ualFLEX Operating System 

Allows UalFLEX Bated Systeas to Transmit and Deceive files to 

and froa other Computer Systeas via node*. Use wlttt Cp/n. main 

Frames, other UnlFLEX Systeas. etc. 

-- Verifies Transmission Integrity using 
checksua or CRC 

— Autoaatlcally Re-Transmits bad blocks 

— Transmits data In l?e byte blocks 

v - tza.n 



Southeast Media 

-JUST 
Text Formatter 
JUST, a Text Fornatter developed by Ron Anderson, provides 
nuaerous features which aake it a valuable addition to any FLEX 
Users Software Library. JUST is designed for formatting Text 
Output for Oot Matrix Printers and provides many unique 
features: 
-Output the "Foraatted" Text to the Display for foraat analysis 

and change. 
•Output the "Foraatted" Text to a Text File for use with the 

supplied FPMiT.CPD for producing multiple copies of the Text 

on the Printer INCLUDING 1HBE00ED PRINTER COMMANOS (this 

Utility is very useful at other times also, and worth the 

price of the program by itself). 
•"User Configurable* for adapting to other Printers (cones set 

up for Epson MX-BO with Graftrax); provides for up to ten (10) 

Imbedded "Printer Control Commands', such as Italics on and 

off. boldface on anil off, etc. 
-Automatic compensation for a 'Double Width' printed line. 
-Includes the normal line width, aargin. Indent, paragraph, 

space, vertical skip lines, page length, page numbering, 

centering, fill. Justification, etc. 
-Use with ajtt Editor. 
-Supplied with 'Structured Source' (windrush PL/}); easy to see 

the flow of the program. 

F and CCF - S49.9S 



LKfatta 

PASCAL UTILnTES 
Requires LUCBATA Pascal ver 3. 
XP.EF — produce a Cross Reference Listing of any text; oriented 
to Pascal Source. 

F and CCF - J2S.00 
INCLUDE — allows the inclusion of other Files in a Source Text; 
has unlimited nesting capabilities. Also allows Binary File 
Inclusions. 

F and CCF - 125.00 
PROFILER — produces an Indented. Numbered, "Structograa" of a 
Pascal Source Text File. Allows viewing the overall structure 
of large programs, and provides clues as to the integrity of the 
prograa. Supplied as Source Code; requires compilation. 

F and CCF - «5,00 



Luddlta 

COPYCAT 
Pascal KIT required 
Allows reading TSC Mini-FLEK. SSB 00S6B. and Digital Research 
CP/M Olsks while operating under FLEX l.D. FLEX 2.0, or FLEX 
9.0 with 6300 or 6809 Systeas. COPYCAT will not perfora 
Miracles, but, between the prograa and the manual, you stand a 
good chance of accomplishing a transfer. Includes Utilities to 
List Directories. Copy Files, and convert Text Files when 
required. Also Includes a Utility for Investigating Physical 
Compatibility problems. Programs supplied in Nodular Source 
Code (Assembly Language) to make it easier to solve unusual 
problems . 

F and CCF S" - 150,00 
F 8" - 165. OC 



Computer Systeas Consultants 

FLEX DISK UTILITIES 
Eight (8) different FLEX Utilities that should be a part of 
every FLEX Users Toolbox; Assembly Language (Source Code): 

Copy a File with CRC Errors, so it can possibly be salvaged; 

Test Disk for errors; Compare two Disks; a fast Oisk Backup 

Prograa; Edit oisk Sectors; Linearize Free-Chain on the Oisk; 

print Disk Identification; and Sort and Replace the Oisk 

Olrectory (In sorted order). 

F and CCF - {90.00 



WORD PROCESSORS 

Alford and Associates 

sotfurroR in 

EXTREMELY Powerful Screen-Oriented Editor/Word Processor. 
Almost SO different commands; EXCELLENT Documentation (over 300 
pages), including a full Tutorial Section to help you learn how 
to use the systea. Features Cursor-based editing, dynamic 
Screen Foraa tting [what you see is what you get). Multi-column 
display and editing, 'decimal align" columns (ANO add them up 
automatically. If wanted), define multiple keystroke macros, even 
and odd page number headers and footers. Imbed printer control 
codes In text, full Justification series of commands, full "help' 
support, store common command series on disk for future use, 
etc. Easy 'Set-Up' (for example, you just hit the key you want 
to use for a specific function, such as "cursor up", and the 
System reads an stores that key - no digging Into tech aanuals 
for codes, etc.); use supplied 'set-ups', or reaap the keyboard 
to what you are used too. Except for proportional printing, 
this package will 00 IT ALL! 

6B00 or 6B09 FLEX or SSB 00S, OS-9 - SMS. 00 



Great Plains computer Co. 

STYLOGRAPH 
A full-screen oriented WORD PROCESSOR — (now runs on the Oata- 
Coap and FHL Color FLEX Systems; uses the SI x 24 Display 
Screens). Full screen display and editing (i.e., what you see 
is what you get); supports the Daisy Wheel proportional 
printers. 

SPECIAL CCF • S195. 00 
F and - 5295.00 U - SMS. 00 

SPD.L 
Fast Coaauter Dictionary. 

f. ccf. os/9 - jws.oo i» - ins. oo 

> NAIL PERSE 
Greatly extends the power and flexibility of STYLOGRAPH. 
F. CCF. - S14S.00 " " "1*5.00 




EX is I iradwmaA o» Tactwwcat Syilems Ccnsultentt 
9<s • vadameA e4 Muowave 



.ovr^ti tut JImm 

%%» o0 C.nan*. Smith Rd Cje. ojj- ajjx- 



AwaUanUley laoanta 

P • FLEX, CCT • Color Computer FLEX 

O • 06-g, COD • Color Computer 06-9 

O • UniFLEX 

OCX) - Color Computer Disk 

CCT • Color Computer Tape 



'68' Micro Journal 



00. 

Greatly ntnli the povar and Bataall ty of SRUIBn. Miowo 
Multiple Text Ul«» to be printed out as on* large Inmt. 
Provide* for merging informal loi i»ir*» tha Taxt File during 
painting (euoTi u diflarartt none* and «wbk»], etc. 

F. cry, o - $MS.aa 
U - $t95.« 

Soaitnaas t madia 

5MJ.lt "Computer Dictionary" 
0«f a 170.000 words! 
Ho more "Let your fingers do the walking through the Dictionary* 
■ hlle you trt entering Tent Kith your favorite Editor or Word 
Processor. SPELL! Is Bore than just 'another Spelling 
Checker'; It allows you to look up • word froa within your 
Editor or Word Processor so that you (NOV it is right HHEN TOU 
TYPE IT [K with the SPH.OV Utility (which operates In the FLEX 
Utility Space), res. it ALSO allows you to check and update the 
Tent after you are finished; along with allowing you to A00 
WORDS to the Dictionary, "Flag" questionable words In the Text 
for evaluation later, 'view a word In context" before changing 
or ignoring, etc. SPEllB first checks a "Connor Word 
Dictionary*, then the normal Dictionary, then a "Personal Word 
list", and finally, any 'Special Mord List* you aay have 
specified. SPELLI also allows the use of *aiell Disk Storage 
systems. 

F and CCF" - 1129.95 



mat plalna 



faat Computer Dictionary — allova c&rartiy changing the Taxt 
File, adding word* to the dictionary, etc 75,000 wotde In lace 
than 400 eanora. 

F, CCF, 06/9 - S125.«-P 
U - $175. « 



Poaalbly one of the met powerful Catahaae "anagaont 9yctanr 
available, thle machine Language program la email enough ao 
operate on a elr-jla aldawj 5" dlak, vat (arovuSea the apart of 
H.L. and pi a r Halted only by the uear'm lamglne tlon . Ihla DC 
*>nrvta Relational, Saqvantlal, mararctJaU, and fmuxtsi Pccana 
File structural, and haa virtual nonary oapabilltiee Bar thorns 
Caanl Data Baoaa. mas La p a l I provldea a funrUmal "entry 
level* Syaten which provldaa dot defining a rata Baae, entering 
and changing the Data, and produebwj n a n a f a . XD"B laaal H 
adda the rOASOU. "CaaaTWTr facility which uaaa an 
tngllah Language On a ind Btructura In annlfUlatlng the Data to 
create new File Structure*, Sort, salad. Calculate, etc. mc 
larval III adda eeveral epeclal "utllltlea" which provide 
additional aaae of working with u<e u&rlcua etructuree, oumjl^ 
Syaten Faratartare. etc. 

XtMS Lai I - F I CCP - $129.95 
TUB} ud n-F.OT - $199.95 

XTJB U* in - P I CCP - $209.9? 

XTMS Burton. PtamaU only - $24.95 



Qraat Plalna fra-nutam- CO. 

laVAffa, OGKS 
An XBASIC, Menu Driven, cans with 'Built-in* Audit Tracking, 
ortr-rwly powerful r*| i at a Format Capabilities, ate. Thla Haa 
Pro-nan DBMS will bacon- the "work Horao" of your Software 
Stable. 

F and CCF $295.« 
$I9S.-a* 



treat Plains Coaputar Co. and Universal Data Research, lac. 
both have Business Packages written in TSC XBASIC for FLEX, 
CaCo FLEI, ano UnlFLEX 



mtl HSKtTTtWT* t¥ttt $5$ H*C*ASt 



9 TOLL 'Ml TELFX SSI did FV T ITU 

1-800-338-6800 jft 

V aliftli 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 
Hixson. TN 37343 

(Or Information 
call (St 5) 642-4601 

CoCo OS-9" FLIK'" 

SflFTUI/IRG 



Coaouter "ysteas Consultants 

BASIC UTILITY PROCM-IS 

Ten BASIC Programs to: 

A BASIC Resequenser with EXTRAS over "RENUM"; works with ALL 
Versions of FLEX BASIC AKD the Precompiler, checks for 
missing label definitions, processes Disk to Disk instead of 
in Heaory. 

Ceapart. Merge, or Generate Updates between two BASIC 
Programs, check BASIC Sequence lumbers, coapare tao 
onsequenced files, and 5 Prograas for establishing a "taster 
Directory of several Disks, and sorting, selecting, updating, 
and printing paginated listings of these files. 

A BASIC Cross- la fe ra nca Prograa, written in Asseafjly Language, 
which provides an X-Ref Listing of the Variables and Reserved 
Words In TSC BASIC, XBASIC. and PKCOrVILER BASIC Prograas. 

ALL utilities include Saerce (either BASIC or Source Code). An 

EXCELLENT Valuel 

F and CCF - MS. 00 
UnlFUX - tSO.OO 



Ceavuter Systems Consultant! 

ilU SCKEB (ejVEaTran/-eW 
The Full Screen Inventory System provides a aeans of Mlnuining 
saall Inventories, using a linked, keyed random file structure 
based upon the Itea field, It k#*»>* ta* file In alphabetical 
order for easier Inquiry, tilth the Flat) command, the user aay 
locate and/or print all records matching on partial or coaplete 
Ilea, description, vendor, or attributes. Items In beckorder or 
below minimum stock levels may be located and/or printed thru 
the same process. Printed output may be produced In item or 
vendor order. A materials requirement planning (HRP) capability 
for aanufec turing environments is included to allow the 
maintenance and analysis of Hierarchical assemblies of Items in 
the Inventory (lie. It requires TSC's. Extended BASIC. 

F and CCF - 1100.00. U - '150.00 



The ulzvauxla 



Bizpack 




'FLEX is a hada-iiarr. ot Tachmcal SyUams Consuhanij. 
"OSB i» « trade-nark oi Mictowara 



BIZPACK Is used for storing accounting, numeric, and financial 
data which can then be used for planning, budgeting, 
forecasting, analyzing, etc. While 'Electronic Spreadsheets* 
are extreaely useful in nany situations, BIZPACK excels In 
businesses where there are numerous expense columns, revenue 
sources, significant business Indicators, large numbers, erratic 
week-to-week and aonth-to-aonth fluctuations, etc. BIZPACK 
helps determine statistical relationships, establish trend 
lines, "saooths" data via aovlng averages, analyze seasonal data, 
adjusts for Inflation, lags data In Statistics or Coluan 
functions, plots data, etc. BIZPACK is oriented toward tiae 
series analysis of businesses. Ihe Prograa displays Information 
on the screen In Coluans of Information with each Row 
conforming to a defined Period of Time (weeks, months, years, 
etc.), and is very easy to use (data Is easy to enter, change, 
and aodlfy: coaaands can be renamed to suit the users 
requirements; unlimited ability to create specialized coaaands 
using coaaon BASIC Statements; etc.). Requires TSCs banded 
BASIC. 

F and CCF - JUS. 00 
with Source - SZSO.oa 
«•* -SPECIAL •»* 
Purchase XBASIC and BIZPACK together for JZZ1.SO 
-- a Saunas of Slj.SO -- 



ay **u ■«■ 
i-aoo-isB-taoo 



ftftit Miiii 



„_i».-.ndfi Smith Rd 
Into {«>S) fl42-4fl0l 



e*Co O-aVt- rtati" 

SOFTfflflRB 



•wa Liability 

r ■ FLEX, OCf • Color CO»T»itet PLtX 

O . 06-9, CCD • Colnr Computer OF-' 

D • UniFUlX 

OCX) • Color Computer Ota* 

OCT • Color Computer Tape 



'68' Micro Journal 



55 



fill HSKtTTt WITH MM ISO MtKCKASt 



*J-» TOLL PME TILE1 SSI did FVT ITH 

1-800-3S8-6800 /ft 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 
Hixson. TN 37343 

for Information 
call (615) 842-4601 

CoCo OS*»" FL1X" 

SflFTUI/IRE 



and DBKX together for S221.S0 
— a Savings of $13. !■ — 

Computer Systems Consultants 

TAJUll HAS* SrflUOSNEET 
TABULA RASA It similar to DESXIOP/kL AN and provides for re- 
generation and Maintenance of tabular computation schemes often 
used for analysis of business, sales, tni economic scenarios. 
Its menu-driven user interface provides these capabilities even 
to those users with no Programing experience. Its extensive 
report-generation capabilities allow the user to generate 
professional results with minimum effort. It requires TSCs 
Lilwded BASIC. 

r and ccf . sioo.oo. u - s 125.00 

riaaiiilii Syitsei Center 

DTBACM.C 
THE Electronic Spread Skeet for 6809 Coaputer Systems. An 
extremely POHERFut Business Tool, this Program will find an 
unllalted number of "non-business" applications, also (for 
example, a Full Junior College Electronics Curriculum was set up 
using DYKACAIC). Advanced features Tike 'Table Lookup" pake 
(ncone Tax work easy; Column or Row Sorting for numerous 
applications : etc. Completely "Memory Resident". Machine 
Language, this Prograa is FAST, provides STAWlAfffl FLEX Text 
File output for use with BASIC, word Processors. Pascal. *C". 
etc. Also available for Deti-Coap end FML FLEr systeas using 
the SO i H Displays. 

r im -picul acF - lien.** 

Cats DOS - ••».•$ 

o - fno.to 

U - SZ37.M 



ODDS A ENDS 

Coaputer Jftteas Consultants 

FULL SCWH FOWS 01 SPLAT 
This package supports any Serial Terminal with cursor control 
ol Memory- flapped video Displays. The package substantially 
extends the screen Input/Output capabilities of TSCs extended 
BASIC prograas by providing a simple, table-driven method of 
describing and using full screen displays. These table entries 
tre easy to set *ip *nd maintain, and trt normally stored on 
disk and read as required. A staple, interactive means of 
generating th>i Toms and the data field definitions Is provided. 

F and CCF - ISO. CO. i; • S7S.00 

Coaputer Systeas Consultants 

FULL SCMEK MAILING LIST 
The Full Screen Mailing List System provides a means of 
maintaining staple Bailing lists, tjstiig a random fill structure 
based on the first character of the name Meld. It maintains the 
file In alphabetical order for easier Inquiry. Nlth the F1N0 
coamani. the user aay locate all records aatchlng on partial or 
coaplete ndae. city, state, zip, or attributes. Prime. 1 
listings and output to labels may also be produced on the same 
scloctive basis. It requires TSCs Extended BASIC. 

F and CCF • SIOO.OO. u - SllO.OO 



COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE 



Intrigued by rtKttv77 Here La a form package talkjnd to tha 
Color naiintarl This package is supplied on Tape, with 
instructions for transferring It to dzafc if you wish. Writ tan 
primarily In machine language, it's apaatt ia unpxrmllmlirv A 
full Sesigraphlc-e) Editor is provided, along with "^zaUaa* Uke 
Graphics and sound CZnasnda, printer Cianasnde, Auto-Ffcpoat and 
Control Keys, ate. If you are Interested in teaming rami a 
Trace Posture ia provided which is Invaluable. If you ara a 
FORTH Pro, thla package provides CPU cany Flag acceaaLtallty, 
Fast Task Multiplexing. Oman interrupt Handling, ate. (or) yoo 
won't "out grow* the Basic capabilities of this *-plentjn tatlon ) . 
conbinm this Package with Leo Srudle's EmeLLafr Rnok "Starting 
FORTH", and you will be a PORTH Kxpert before you knew It (and 
have a lot of fun doing itl). 

color Computer TAPE - S58.9S 



toe. 
Color Computer castrate I 
purapa any "PHOOE" Screen to the Printer with the BASK USR 
Function. Shift the Printout ieft or Right or Reverse Print 
(Dark for Light Screen and Vice Versa}. Ail Programs on Tape. 

cant for r.s. ij-viimii * era* ie»/iee/Aee S7.95 

oara for qpeor. w/ craftrax and oraftrax * S9-95 

czaTsc for oawlni 10 aid IS S9.95 

Oafxan [or the FTowriter Ft inters $9.95 



CMTB-O-oAa CALBBDM Program 
A Menu Driven aiiwasui 6ASBZ Program which ailowa the entry of 
up to 12 nun is per Day, each of which nay contain up to 26 
Charactara, tor any day of the Month bwtwemn the years 1700 and 
2099. A tarmnhic «■«»—»«-■ showa which days contain Ka-oe, and a 
"Key word" search la provided which can he output to the Screen 
or Printer. 

TAPE MTE-OBASE CALENDAR 
(Each Tape File will hold jp to 400 mam*) S16.95 

D*SK DAT&0-6ASE CAL0OM) 
(4,000 heme* at MO/Hsnth per Oak) SI9.95 



Interested in otter-st (the Honey Kind)* An CJCTQan) BASIC 
Program that will help you deal vir.h Aurerroua pntalmns requiring 
interest calculatirrut. Praaent value. Rate of Return, Currant 
Bond Yield and Rate of Return to maturity. Loan Repayment 
Amortization Schedules, etc. 

TAPE - S».9S 



64* 

An EXTENDED BASIC Osta ttxvwjgeaxtnt System w/ Mach. Lang. 
Routine.. Ail/we a max of 246 Chars, and 14 Fields per lexo-ed. 
and another Record can be linked to the ELret; 8 char. Flak) 
Names, up to 99 Chars, per Field, rawerrul on-ficreen edisor 
for input and update, flexible Output capabilities including 
output to Disk Files for uae by other rrc^raem. Change me 
Definition without re-entering the Data, split Files, etc. 
AUova Multiple Field Saris. Selec t on any cratunotion of Plelda. 
etc. An extremely roHEHfw. Tcrx< instructions provide exaoplaa 
of Mailing lasts and a Financial Stock Profit and loss Tracking 

niSK - SS4.95 



Be. 



DISK EXTENDED BASIC Accounting Program w/ Seen. Lang. 
Routines. A "Traditional" Accounting Package for Snail 
amlneas. Clubs, Churches. Personal use, etc. Up to four levels 
of aubtotala with Trial Paiance, Incrjns Statement, and n»i«,w-» 
Sheet Reports. DOR allows up to 300 accounts and a Trial 
Balance of $9,999,999.99. Transactions maybe up to 14 lines 
long, and comments and explanations may be freely ueed. 
Accounts sre traceable to the journal transaction, which nry 
include comments. Screen reports allow review of past 
tiaimUkCtionj and currant balances . 

0JSK - 544.95 




''FLEX is a iiademaiv ol Technical SyWems Conaunano 
"OS9 « a usoernark o< MKroware 



%%'oucsa.snd.. MM aSafaaaKassSSi 
"*• h,., „ tn 3r3 x3 SQFTiniJflE 
nio [a isi B4?-aeo i ■■! I ■illllal 



-aaliabiUty Lakjenda 

f • TLEX, OCT - Color Ccxaputer FLEX 

O • 06-9, CC0 • Color Comxxjter 05>9 

D - UnlriZX 

CCS • Color Computer Disk 

OCT - Color Computet Tape 



56 



68' Micro Journal 



WKlvm OuM> a«nilli"- (UCSO Oriented) . 



F and CCP - 53 



P-Code compiler (ISO standard). Designed especially for 
Microcomputer systems; Run-tlms System checks available 
rseourcea for each task, allowing operation on «vbci ratMral 
coigutar systems. Allows linkage to Aaaa wn jax CtxW for tmximj* 
flexibility. 

F and CCF 5" - Sl96.« 



For the peorsseiQBAL; ISO eased. Native Code Cosjpiler. 
primarily for Real-Time and Pnxauj Qontrol appllmtlcra . Use 
cue torn I/O devices in place of the Pascal input and a/TTVTj 
Long Int. (32 Bit): Dynamic length atrlngai Interrupt 
processing, ROM-able, pic, Re-Entrant Code, etc KJEHfUJ 
Incladss Bourcv for the 3^atx?LLc Ofebugger, Ktsitlnwr, and aeveral 
utilities. Requires a "Motorola compatible" Relocating 
Aas«vrrri£r and linking loader - 

P and CCP - 542S.SS 
Ctw Year Maint. - sin. OB 



DUB (A UnlFIZX "briak:" Oa-Oxslilar } 
Ke-Create a Source Listing from UnlPLEX Compiled 
Program). Easy to Uaer works w/ ALL Verwlona of UnLFLEX basic; 
Output to QLak or Varninal. Time TESTED and PROVEN) SQUTJ1 

U - $219.95 



UTILITIES 

Southeast Media 

8as1c09 XRtf 
This SisicO* Cross Deference Utility Is a 8as1c09 program which 
will produce a 'pretty printed" listing with each line ngnbered, 
followed by a complete cross referenced listing of all variables, 
external procedures, and line numbers called. Also included is 
a Program List Utility which outputs the listing without the 
overhead of building the cross reference table, which allows It 
to run considerably faster when only a "pretty printed" listing 
with line nuarbers Is desired. Requires 8as1c09 or RunB for 
operation. 



diTir curt* 


„*•**> T>*» .*,mi«.II *MC*itt 


QfT HaUll —"-». 




<JT* ■!-»%-■,. ■*• 


•• 


«■ »trVP*t •.,«*■« 


«X»v a)i*»*i 


a,. Cm**.. 


•tori 


«...— -' 








mn*i 








Oft «T**»t» 




».*»!•* 


S»*.0*** 


<LMl<M .»TT 


U-T1L 141 


I IT 






*'!i warn m 








-<FU-*^^ 








J » 


«* 


n 


T« 


1 1* 


3* 


ii 




* 11 


ai 


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• 3* 


»» 


3» 


TJ *• •! «I ta. «S *4 



and CCO - OfcJ. Only •- J19.9S 
and CCO - w/ Source - 179. 95 



Southeast Media 

os-9 roirt 
Give your OS-9 Level I System the speed of ■■■! acaess that 
can be several orders of magnitude over your present floppy disk 
drive. Use that Extended Memory capability of your SuTPC or 
G1m1* CPU card (or any other that has the sane format DAT). 
The site of the Virtual Disk Is completely variable in whole 
increments of 4K up to 960K, which Is all that these systems 
can address beyond the base page that OS-9 Lewi I uses. By 
putting all of your CMOS Directory on your virtual Disk, you can 
have the fastest execution speed possible (next to eating up 
Systea Memory with all of thea). You can also set up high 
speed Inter-process conxunlcatlons via random virtual disk files 
and not eat up valuable system memory with pipe buffers. Some 
Assembly Required - Level I OM.T. 

0. obj. only - $79.95 
ml Source - IH9.9S 



r*tt 9mtm mnr winy sso nme**st 



TOLL !*■)■■ TCLEX 331 4 14 PVT ITH 



1-800 



338-6800 m 

r*ti ft am 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hlxson. TN 37343 

lor Information 

call (BIS) 642-4801 

CoCo OS-9'" FLIK" 

SflFTUIARE 



Southeast Media 



0-F 



OS/9 IP FLEX - HEX to OS/9 

Finally; the barrier has been removed between OS/9 and FLEX 
formatted disks! Now you can READ from, and XHITE to. a Single 
Sided S" or B" FLEX diskette from OS-9 with 0-F. 0-F Is a new 
and unique program, written in BASIC09 (with Source), that 
performs the following functions; 

REFORMAT: A 8ASIC09 Program that reformats a chosen amount of 
an OS-9 disk to FLEX Format so it can be used normally by 
FLEX. 
FLEX: A BASIC09 Program that does the actual read or write 
function to the special 0-F Transfer Disk, all selected Iron a 
user-friendly menu. Functions provided Include reading the 
FLEX Directory, Deleting FLEX Files. Copying both directions, 
etc. All selections are Interactive and complete. Including 
all necessary prompts to the operator. 
FLEX users can read, write and use the special disk as any 
other FLEX disk, provided the FLEX directory 1s not allowed to 
continue beyond track zero (too many files). 

F and CCF - S79.9S 



Southeast Media 

CWrMULT 
— Copy LARGE Disks to several smaller disks — 
The following FLEX utilities allow the backup of ANT size disk 
to any SMALLER size diskettes (Winchester to 8's or S's, 8" to 
S's, etc.). By simply inserting diskettes as requested by 
COPYMULT. a large disk system may be downloaded to your present 
floppy disk system, any s1«. No need to fiddle with directory 
deletions or any of the other tedious operations that must be 
done using the normal copy routines. 
COPTNULT.CMO understands normal 'copy' syntax and always keeps 

up with files already copied by maintaining directories for 

both host and receiving disk system, eliminating hours of 

tedious keyboard entries and other time consuming cleanup 

chores. 
BACKUP. CHD is a special program that downloads "random" type 

files, any size. 
RESTORE. CUD a special program to restructure copied "random" 

files for copying, or recopylng back to the host system. 
FREELINK.CMD a "bonus" utility that "relinks" the free chain of 

Floppy or hard disk thereby eliminating fragmentation. 
Completer/ documented source files included. 

ALL 4 Programs in" or 5" I 199. So 



Southeast Media 

CHESS W09 
Requires FLEX and DISPLAYS On Any Type Terminal 
Features: 

♦Four levels of Play. 

•Swap side. *Po1nt scoring systea. 

•Two display boards. «Change skill level. 

•Solve Checkmate problems in 1-2-3-4 moves. 

•Hake move and swap sides. *Play white or black. 

This Is one of the strongest CHESS programs running on any 

microcomputer, estimated USCf Rating 1600* (better than most 

'club* players at higher levels). 

F and CCF - $79. »S 




"FLEX is a trademark ol TechrwaJ Systems Consultants 
-OS9 is » Iradsmsrit of Mcowara 




Hm Liability 

T - FLEX, CCF - Color C-aputer FLO 

D . OS-9. CCO ■ Color Camputer OS-9 

II - tJhiFLEX 

CCD - Color Computer Disk 

OCT - Color Computer Tape 



'68' Micro Journal 



57 



fill Mt* em mm m*r$s$ ntcatst 



X toll mi 
1-SOO 



TILEX 311 414 Pvy ITH 



338-6800 /m 

r*t h ft #§r 

%* $ftdifi 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hixson. TN 37343 

for Information 

CBll (615) 842-480 1 

CoCo 09-»'" FLBX" 

SOFTWARE 



ASSEMBLERS 

Southeast Media 

AS1RUK09 
A "Structured t>i»l)l>r far the 6809" which requires the TSC 
Macro Assembler. Allows direct use of structured statements 
such is IF. USE. 00. REPEAT, etc.. end provides indented level 
formatting of the listing so that Hie structure is apparent. 
Re. M' Hlcro Journal, Sept. 'B3 (prograa a*s called "STASM09"; 
has been renamed due to conflicts). 

A User reports 
*... I'm very pleased and am now writing almost exclusively In 
(ASTRUR09). I've selected It over — for all future systems 
development... As (one) of my early evaluations, I rewrote a 
rattier elaborate routine originally done 1n asseably. Out of 
the tOOO bytes of code generated, the (ASTRUK09) version used 

only 20 more bytes than the original. could not handle 

this program since It uses triple-precision fixed point 
arithmetic... I have a large body of code already written that 
Is incompatible with -•• constructs. Mo problem with 
(ASTRUK09) and the structure sure helps in understanding the 
loglei" 

F, CCF - I99.9S 

TSC 

Macro Assembler 

The FLEI STAmDAJD Assembler. F.CCF SSO.OO 

mjlscatlmg Aitamsler w/Lintlag Loader 

Use with many of the C and Pascal Compilers. F.CCF 1150 00 

Great Plains Comp. Co. 



Relocating, R*«wr>tva-Nicro Assembler and Linking Loader. 

F.CCF 1120.00: w/Source 1740.00 

Omega Soft 

' MAIL I 
Relocating Assembler and Linking Loader 

F.CCF ttfS.OO; for One Tear Nalnt.. add SSO.OO 

Hladrush Mcro systems 

MACE, by Cranaa Trott. F.CCF - S98.00 



Commeter Systems Comsmltaats 

SUPER SLEUTH 
Computer Systems Consultants Saner Sleuth 1s a Time Tested", 
reliable. PROVEN Disassembler that has gained acceptance 
through out the SS-SO Bui Community as an eitremely POWERFUL, 
INTERACTIVE. Software Tool. The Safer Slouch Software Package 
consists of 3 Programs; SLEUTH (the Oisasseabler). uuw (used 
to globally Change Labels to a meaningful name), and UbtF (a 
Cross Reference Generator for Source Code Files). SLEUTH will 
Disassemble Memory Resident 6809 Code and 6800, 6801. 6802. 
6801 (the 'baby CoCo'), 680S. 6808, 6809, and 650? (Apple, 
Atari, Commodore, etc. I binary Olsl Files. (See Aug. 'S3 '6V 
Mcro jeanel 'Color Users Dotes' Column for a full Review. 1 
Color Comma tor SS-SO tms (all <tl Soared 

CCO (32H Req'd) 

ObJ. Only $49.00 F, »».00 

CCF, ObJ. Only 190.00 «■ J100.00 

CCF. w/Source t*».00 "• "01. 00 

CCO, ObJ. Only ISO. 00 



Mi, cba^uux syitem ODnault&nu softw 
runo on trie Ookmr PUQC Oyatjenm 
MX In etoc* 
call 
for 




An "ammy to uao*. pcnarful rumiiaiiii for eta* RralaWit 6BB9 
and! 6800 Binary plloe. Allow* the devetlnjamnt of a "antral 
rile" of voriouo Program) "Boundarlea" during ouccooolvm 
dlaa mm ■ le i ll ear can uao o Labal Pile »4ilch aulcnBti£»lly c aplara a 
a Ilex location vnth a Label taaat; Includes an DSP utility: etc. 
Label Files srorfamd for hUrd-fTSw PLEX2, FLDC9, Cokir Oaapulcr 
(for uea with Color PU9C Systama), tc. 08-9 Vaxsion Includes 
^-«-U1 06-9 oprSa\M. 

CCF. ObJ. Only IM0.M 

CCO. * ' ISt.M 

f. ' ■ 1100.90 

a. ■ itw.M 

il. ' " SJOO.OO 



COMPILERS * DECOMPILERS 

ban "Stnconr «■■»#» ty Lang. Qoapllan 



Mlamrask Mere Systems 



»l/» 



By Graham Trott. A combination EdHor/Compller/uebugger, til In 
0*t raCIAK; provides a totally IITUaCTm Program Development 
Cycle. Tne Single-Pass Compiler supports large Symbol Naaes; 
Variable Types; Pointers; Control Structures (similar to 'C or 
'Pascal'); Stack, A- ,8-, and D-fteglster manipulation; etc. The 
Sow c m Orfsm tarn" Trace/Debugger provides Single Stepping, Break- 
pointing, etc. An excellent Software Development Tool which 
provides for the minimum utilization of tile power of the 6809. 

F, CCF • SIM. a* 



Kead the Caee of Deelgn and Malnulnabill ty of "structured 
programming" AaTJ the Spaad and Ocritral of Aaawabty lans>*qm? 
Then WKUtmirju. wan daalgnsd for youl TM» Single Paee, 
Recur mi vo Deacmnt OnmjiLlar provide a the tool for dewi^aro 
elmple Utilities to MAJOR Syetome in Aasonbly language. 
Supportm 3 "Lea" Levmlo vhu* allow onm lmvml of Ptuc-wdure 
naotlng. or more wltAln "MDdulea". It lo maey to develop 
programe written for otnar aachlnaa since you are sorting at 
th« Assembly Language laval. Feoturoe unified uaar-4a3nmd 
t/0> produce* RDUmbla, calormjtablm. racumlv*, t« arf uaiit codsi 
Structured otyle and etatmments with pvoamauraa and HnAil ae? 
eupporte Byte end ooublo-Byte primitives with 3 types of 
Intogarm (up to 32 bit), Char and Boalaan, and teuiaataO aliad 
Arreye (vmctore only)/ Interrupt nandllngi unlimited length 
Variable Hemeai Variable Inltla Illation (dafaulta to (OOlr 
Include "Bourca Pile" directive) Cmdl clonal cmalingi dlract 
Code lnaertloni control of the Stack Pointaxt etc. lb quota 
Ron Andereon In hie roviaw of ■DBTAL in the Sept . 'S3 Iaaua 
of 'U' Mae utanmU that, a«onpt far tne lac* of Qoau. ". . ., 
I tun* to glv* thla onm vbx> bign rating. . . .". It la a pjvjr 
□3raptler which produome FAsr oode Ode "prlawnv" O ja nJsi art ran 
at 9 aaoa. en a 2 Kk SymtanO . 

p and CTF - sise.a 



Bladrmsh Mcra Syi tarns 



C Commller 
Full featured C Coapller for the FLEX 



By James He Cosh. rw*< i««kH>«u w kuarnci *m im rn^ 
Operating System (lacking ONLV "blt-flelds'l. including an 
Assembler. Requires the TSC Relocating Assembler IF tne user 
wishes to Implement his awn Libraries. 

F and CCF - jm.08 



A full- featured C, atrmamllnnd for the 6699. Omratam vary 
afflclant object coda. Output "banchamrke" cloea to loec 
68000 In 8 Bit Operetlonei l.S tiaaa Bsatar than illHZa 
wWn ualng a 9tai MB9 Symta* <Re. p 43, T6B" Huao Oumal, May 
"63). Ploata, etc. 

F, CCP. and O - $373. ■ 
U 
Om Umax halnt. 




"FL€X is 1 iredevnark 01 Tacnnieal Syalwmi ConsuNams 
"OSS is a liaOmrnjrA of Mtcroware 



56 




AwaLLabillty 

r - FLEX, OCT » Color Cnmsiuter PLOt 

O • 06-9, CBD ■ Color Cowfuter 05-9 

O ■ UhlFLEX 

CCS - Color computer Ma* 

CCT • Color Computer Tape 

'68' Micro Journal 



ooaputer ty i ta ssi Center 

— Multi-User, Multi-Tasking wiOi ra« — 

multi-user, multi-tasking capability of msmi allow* (Tex 
users the advantages of more sophisticated and tljoe saving 
conpuwr usage without having to buy or learn a new Ling<i«go or 
operating System syntei . (MsksMK as its nans Implies, aim* 
true *tlflie- sharing* operation under the pr^lar flqc operating 
system* and also allow* earn user to run two simultaneous jofc* 
(multi-taaVing): even on elngle-uaar systems. For ee*«pl«, 
while in turx, you can list another tile or eunine a directory. 
Or, you night look up an Item in a Lata Base while a Sort is In 
progress I oTVsfiBisTB also provides some cringe benefits that 
will be greatly appreciated by F1£X users. Including c y^4 j a head . 
demand line editing, and instant reepsute to "escape". 

(7nD\S8AJtE is the painless method! Use your existing Flex 
cmjuter by simply adding 64K of RAH fcr each user and/or tain. 
Fact la, you still use FLEX Just lllce you always havel 
imana is not intended as mtfetltlon to lliiflZX . It dose 
not JjiairOVe On the speed of FLEX, and does not offer password 
protection or other niceties of a full-blown multi-user system. 
Wwt omSMB does do is give FLEX users a t e a. cast way to use 
existing astbssr* In a aulrl-tshsr, ssittl- t s e fctng nmliiisssii , so 
your existing PLEX versions of BASIC, XBAStC, editors, 
aeseoblers, dlsssseoblers, sort/merge packages, word 
processors, oanpllere. anacAic spread- ahset nadta<*>, and so on 
are still good. 

W7re -- Ths initial — of cxNKSvXHE is for s*nc S/09 

Computers, but veraions will also be available for other pnpular 
eztsndfld-tfSEDry (up to 10D4JO systems, such as HELIX and <UMDC. 
A relnlnum of USK of UAH will be required with ALL versions. 
CMVUSUS requires frft of MM far each actios task; thus a 2SCk 
system could allow foreground-background operation on two 
terminals, or foreground-only operation on four terminals. 

AVKIlAaLX test from butheast Madia - fJBB.sB 



OOMJTY 
UhiFLEX 



For the past sev^rvtl months, we at 

SatttseatTt rffcdlA l*almirmt of r*—rm*mr ptftaUatrf] 



net ptsxerre mm tpwtso metm 



*P TOLL FMI TELEX SSI 414 PVT ITU 

1800.138-6800 /M 

aT^tii iaar 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hixsort. TN 37343 

for Information 

call (815) «42-*o01 

CoCo OS-*'" WLtX" 

SflFTlMRE 




Inc. (CPl), the parent company of '68' MIX 
JOUHHAL and COUS HIUC) JODHM* have debar 
expanding our software distribution businei 
Many other magazines have been doing so 
years (in fact, MOST were in the Softvn 
Distribution Business BEFORE they began 
publish a Magazine) . Presently there are m 
fine examples of software that has b 
developed by 'VOU, our readers, that will n 
see the "light of day" due to the Cbert 

JwAWs*aZtlssii39 



In the past there has been too mien 
software offered that was not quite ready. We 
will strive to eliminate that element. But, 
right up front, we tell you only that we will do 
our very best; nothing more. Also, we will 
strive to Xeep cost to a bare mirumar, 'While 

, -i *.- ..1. - ~ ^ s a aaa* fcssesefsssl l^tj.HTl lil 

K-BASIC 

Basic Language Compiler 

(Reviewed in Oct. 1984 68' Micro Journal) 

Includes OSM Assembler 

Works with CRASMB 

FLEX & OS-9 $199.00 




CRASMB 

6809 Cross Assembler for the following CPU types 




CRASMB 16.32 
6809 Cross Assemble for the 68000 
FLEX & 0S-9 $249.00 

are 

decif 

some 

ALSO 
from 

OHM 

^^\ FLEX & 0S-9 $99.00 

DistriV 
SoftwarV^ 
Programs, •fefc*. 




6800-2-8 


6801-3 


6804 


6805 


6809 


6811 


6)02 


1802 


8048 


8080) 


2-8 


Z«0 




OSM 

6809 Extended Macro Assembler 

(Included with K-BASIC) 



FLEX & OS-9 $399.00 

Jit/ under B9 prugTMl pUMSJ 

the people below. Remember, if your 
ft ware has any problems or "funnies" — <5BT 

STRAIGHT BEFORE YOU COsTKT U5i 1 Also get 
ur source code in proper shape and well 
mmented; there is too much 99% oode already 
Lfting around. 

If your software is fBAOT contact t 
Bob assy, Don NLLUams, or Itn William 



Hntlii is a division 
of O s s sjutsM. Ptfttllatdxta, Jfac. (CXI), 
a family of 100% 68XX support facilities. 




'FLEX is a iradamark of TechriesJ Systems Consultants 
"0S9 is a iTSdemsrk of f*cmwa»e 




MUstilUty 

P - FLEX, CO» • Color Coapdter FLEX 

» OS-9. CCO » Color Computer OS-9 

■ UhlFLEX 

CCD - Color Computer Bis* 

OCT • Color Computer Tape 



'68' Micro Journal 



59 



TEN MOST-ASKED QUESTIONS 

*»... DYNACALC 

THE ELECTRONIC SPREAD-SHEET FOR 6809 COMPUTERS 



1. What is an electronic spread-sheet, anyway? 
Business people use spread-sheets to organize 
columns and rows of figures. OYNACALC simulates 
the operation of a spread-sheet without the mess 
of paper and pencil. Of course, corrections and 
changes are a snap. Changing any entered value 
causes the whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated 
based on the new constants. This means that you 
can play, what If7' to your heart s content. 

2. is OYNACALC lust for accountants, then? 

Not at all. DYNACALC can be used for Just about any 
type of job. Not only numbers, but alphanumeric 
messages can be handled. Engineers and other 
technical users will love OYNACALC s slxteen-dlglt 
math and built-in scientific functions. You can build 
worfcsheets as large as 2S6 columns or 256 rows. 
There's even a built-in sort command, so you can 
use DYNACALC to manage small data bases — up to 
2S6 records. 

3. What will OYNACALC do for ME? 

That's a good question. Basically the answer Is that 
DYNACALC will let your computer do Just about 
anything you can imagine. Ask your friends who 
have vlslCalc™. or a similar program, just how 
useful an electronic spread-sheet program can be 
for all types of household, business, engineering, 
and scientific applications. Typical uses include 
financial planning and budgeting, sales records, 
bills of material, depreciation schedules, student 
grade records. Job costing, income tax preparation, 
checkbook balancing, parts inventories, and payroll. 
But there is no limit to what YOU can do with 
DYNACALC. 

4. Do I have to learn computer programming? 
NOl OYNACALC is designed to be used by non- 
programmers, but even a Ph.D. in Computer 
Science can understand It. Even experienced 
programmers can get Jobs done many times 
faster with OYNACALC. compared to conventional 
programming. Built-in help messages are provided 
for quick reference to operating instructions. 

$. Do I have to modify my system to use OYNACALC? 
Nope. DYNACALC uses any standard 6809 config- 
uration, so you don t have to spend money on 
another CPU board or waste time learning another 
operating system. 

Order your DTNACALC todayl 



Foreign Dealers: 

Australia & Southeast Asia: order from Paris Radio Elec- 
tronics. 161 Bunnerong Road <P0 Box 380) Klngsford, 
2032 NSW Australia. Telephone: 02-344-9111. 

United Kingdom: order from Compusense, Ltd.. PO 
Box 169, London N13 4HT. Telephone: 01-882 0681. 

Scandinavia: order from Swedish Electronics hk AB, 
Murargatan 23*25. Uppsala S-7S4 37 Sweden. Tele- 
phone: 18-2S-3000 



6. Will OYNACALC read my existing data files? 
You betl OYNACALC has a beautifully simple 
method of reading and writing data files, so you 
can communicate both ways with other programs 
on your system, such as the Text Editor, Text 
Processor, sort /Merge. STYLOGRAPH™ word 
processor, RMS™ data base system, or other 
programs written in BASIC. C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and 
so on. 

7. HOW fast IS OYNACALC? 

Very. Except for a few seldom-used commands. 
OYNACALC is memory-resident, so there is little disk 
I/O to slow things down. The whole data array 
(worksheet) is in memory, so access to any point is 
instantaneous. DYNACALC is 100% 6809 machine 
code for blistering speed. 

8. is there a version of OYNACALC for MY system? 
Probably. You need a 6809 computer (32k 
minimum) with FLEX™. unlFLEX™. or 0S-9™ 
operating system. You also need a decent crt 
terminal, one with at least 80 characters per line, 
and direct cursor addressing, if your terminal Isn't 
smart enough for OYNACALC. you probably need a 
new one anyway. The unlFLEX and 05-9 versions of 
DYNACALC allow you to mix different brands of 
terminal on the same system. There's also a special 
version of OYNACALC for color computers equipped 
with FLEX (Frank Hogg or Data-Comp versions). 

9. how much does dynacalc cost? 

The flex versions are Just S200 per copy: unlFLEX 
version S39S; OS-9 version (works with LEVEL ONE or 
LEVEL TWO) S2S0. Orders outside North America add 
S7 per copy for postage. We encourage dealers to 
handle DYNACALC, since Its a product that sells 
instantly upon demonstration. Call or write on your 
company letterhead for more information. 

10. Where do I order OYNACALC? 

See your local DYNACALC dealer, or order directly 
from CSC at the address below, we accept 
telephone orders from 10 am to 6 pm. Monday 
through Friday. Call us at 314-S76-S020. your VISA or 
MasterCard Is welcome. Please specify diskette size 
for FLEX or OS-9 versions. Software serial number is 
required for the unlFLEX version. 



computer systems center 

13461 Olive Blvd. 

Chesterfield, MO 6301 7 

(31 4) 576-5020 



% 



UnlFLEX software prices Include maintenance for 
the first year. 

OYNACALC is a trademark of 
Computer systems Center 

YrHCJrt li a traotmam of vwcoro 

smo«APH if i traoemam of gtm* wami compuwf co. 

MM II J tractemart of wjinmoton computer service* 

FLEX and unlHf « em tfCfn uU of T5C 

os-9 it a if «o«mafk of Mc-Dwir* ana Motorola. 



60 



'68' Micro Journal 



WINDRUSH MICRO SYSTEMS 



UPROM II 

rtttftAK end vcunus: i«*7$6, 

TM06, 12716. 12516, 12752/2?i2A, 
HC»«?6A/t, 12764/2764A, 12)64, 
1271W/27UW, *no J27256. 

■■Intel. T"f*a«l. *MN)toroll. 

■9 ^■^wtfj.iTi wm» ■lauimp; 

TAI-VOlT eppqms *n m HWII» 

iNFEL'e Intel Igent progreaetno. 
<!■) laplieanffd for Intel 

2764, 27126 end 272S6 devices. 
Intelligent prograaaing reduces 
the average prograaaing tie* of ■ 
2764 fro- 7 elnutes to 1 air-it* 
1% second* (undvr riU) wllfe 
j gran lr IWrorM reliability. 

| 5*p/ J fully enclosed eod utch )' of 

flat ribbon CMll lor connect Ion 
lo the nOtl toaputer MC6921 PI* 

Interface board. 

MC6M? lofiwer. lor Fl.Ei end OS* 
iLevel 1 or 7, version 1.2). 

BlHllr DISK Mil" offset loader 
eUPPlted with rtEz, P.60J Mid f. 

Harm driven aoflaara provide* rh# following l«l|1t»itT 

a. MU. • ultciftf aria of the butter .lih a N|i «Mr. 

b. ravt ,. block* of dot*. 

c. DtvV tM buffer tn «0 and ASCII. 

d. FllfP .... a ftrtna ot byte* In lh* buffer. 

t. MAn l«m«-uHE , tilt t«i(«it» of the buffer. 

f. C*C criecktLja • selected ares of tna butter. 

9- Cdfr ........... a selected area of an EMC". Into the buffer. 

h. VtP.lft ......... * sileel+o araa of an |Mm igitnit the buffer. 

1. PtQtlAM a selected aria of en ERROR ulii date In the bulfar. 

|. SELECT a mm IMHM type {return to lypti e*nu> . 

k. £NTlt .......... ttta »r*tee agnltor. 

I uttum to Iho operifing tutu. 

I. CiCCUTE any MS utility <OMy In Hit and OCT versions). 

fit! AMP PS* >UtlWS AvAHABLE UtOW ElnU. 536/ ■DOS CDHTACf IIS pl«CT. 




PL/9 



P Mindly tnie. -active w.tr w ii>i uhere r«g have lirSTMt aetata to the 
Eat lor, the Co "Pilar, and IN Trece-Oebuggir, which, eaongat other 
thtnii, can single lttr> the progrji • SOUtCC Una at a 11m. too alio 
filvi dlricl icctfl to any FLEI utility and your ayeiee eon 1 tor, 



* W page aaftuel organ! n 



with olenty of i 



plat. 



• Fast SINutC PASS c**»>Ur product* BC of CO»»*CT M MSI 6609 eachlfte 
coda output .per alnuta etch no run-ttae over-heed* or - ITcense feet, 

■ FuUy coapeilftle «1tn ISC le«t editor forut ridk file*. 

a Slf^ad and urmt^nad «Tt(S and ENUu^tS, 11-bH I lu*Ornj point tEALI. 

• WctOf* lilnfll* diaoni^on *rrtjti and pptnfvri ir« ii«pcirtad» 

• Haihaautlcal •■prantonii <•>, (->, t»), </), «eOulua l\)« ntVatlon t-l 

• CaPraiiion tvaiuator*: (•}, (o), (<1, (>), (>-), <<•> 

• bU Ootralorn <U«>. (OB), tlOA/lOl), (NOT}. <SM(M>, (SMU>> 

• Logical oparateri: (.1*0)^ (.01), (.EOt/iO*.) 

- Control tlolaatm*: tf . .IHiM. .(L«, ]* . .C6S1 1 . .C6SE2. .ELSE, BtCIH..EH0, 
MHUC, »EPEXt..Uh11L, tEf>{*(,.roi(vEI, C»U , JOW, 8EruH|, fJUlMK, 66IC. 

- Mi-xe aecaia to C*tC*>, <aCC4>, <6CC0>, CI6E6), (t[«) a«d (StKK). 

• IULLT Itcoorti tM IK66»« HSIT, 4941, flM, 1*0, Sul, Sut2, and 5*13 
vactori. writing « talf-itar t ina (fro* pow«r*«s> prograa that uim Mt, 
or »u, of Iha XC6609 1niirr ( *pi» d m abaoLuia map! 

• H«chtnt coda oay 6* aaMddad In tha prograa via tha 'ilM' stafcaant. fhti 
anablaa raw to coda critical rowtlna* In aasaably Language and aabad thaa 
tn in* ft/9 progrwt <»•» >N«CE' for dvtatle). 

• Pracadurvi aav Em e*»»td and «^r rrtgfn -arlabtai. Thli aakaa IRaa 
functloni «Mch banava •» ihc«#an (hay uara an Intaftral part of •V/9. 

• lavaral fully dociaiantad library Procadura aodjtit »r« fupptltdt I0SUBS, 
BETID, H*I0I0, HEIIC, fLESIO, SC1PACK, SIXSUBS, USIJIIK, mM PE6LC0N. 

'... mis is fni wosr iiricnnT ccwpilei i n*vi fouwn to pan.' 

avai*d fraa Ban And*rk«n» ILEl lA*r kottt coluan In '66. Drad at lay aor«7 



MACE/XMACE/ASM05 

All of tfiaia praducta faaiura a highly prodwct1*a inmron a ini «t«r« tha 
adltor and lha aiaaafclar r»»id» In aaas ry too«th*r. 6«r>« in tha day* of 
tadlut dlib load and Save op*rat1ant ahtla you ar* da«vO0lng your coda. 

• f Mindly Intar-attW* anvironaant «(<«'« you hava Initant accan to tha 
Editor and tha AaiaabLar, »LCI utilities and your tyet* aonltor. 

• MCE can alio Produca ASfhXa CCCJK tlitraarnn for PLft uft* the 
attaOly lanawaoa iaure* cultad to tha output ae coaaant*. 



1716CE It a trota ea«e**M*r i r the 6600/1/2/J/6 and au 
■ inasnlci ol the 6101. 



• SntJS It a (roil aa«v«t>Ler far 1Ae 6805. 



erta ih* e«tended 



D-BUG 



LOOttlHi; lor » elngie ttao tracer and »tr-1 in-line dltaieeabler that It e«»y 
to uiel? Loo* no further, you hava found It. (hit pecVeae 1k idaal for 
tbota tull 4>ta«a>|y tanou«oa prograa oatwag Ing tatklont. D-6u4 occ«a>1*« 
Lata than 6* (Including: Its Meet and variable*) and m*r ba Loaded anyabere 
In aaaory. Alt rN * d LOA* If, •!■ ET and COI 460 col VHH only). 



McCOSH C 



Thtt 1* ai caavieii a 't* coao!\»r at you »1u find on any opiratlng tyfttaa 
far the 6609. It li cuaotalaly coaoaifbla „Uh UN III V)l and only lack* 
•btf-fleldt* luhlch are of little practical wta In tn o-c-lt vcridf). 

• PredLicas -wrr atftcent attaably ianav«g« iouf<a autaut *1tfv the *C* 
■ource OPitanally (ntarleaved *% coawentt. 

• BuHl*ln oDIIaliac mil inarlln Object toda by about lit. 

• SMPCnrtk interleaved asiaaibLr lenaAiaga praciraae. 

• IfKLUPCS It* oan ataea*l*r. fna TSt relocating aaaeabler H only regulred 
II yaw uatt lo ganar*te yovr own lltw-ariet. 

■ tna Ore-pT'oceabor, coevller^ opllofer, aaaeablar and loader all run 
tndapandantly or und*r tna *CC' a>ecul1ve. '«' »aXa» toapuina a program 
to exaculabli obieci ■■ ■leata aa typing in 'CC^lLLCf. <PETll»N>*. 



IEEE -488 



I SU-POm >4.L PtifcKfAlL HQOE1 Of 1h( tt«-*« (1973r«> fVl IPCCl F ]CAt t9>I 



Talker 

Listener 

Syttaa Conteo Iter 



SerlH Poll 
Pantlll POL1 
Qrogp frtntr 



- Sinala or Otjal Prlairy Add 

- Secondary Adrfret* 

- ratk only ... Litter* only 



fully documented wit* a caanlace raarlnt of the KlLDBAup article on tM 
1ECE but and the Motorola pulillcet ion 'B»tt1ng atMira t*w ICiE tut 1 . 

Lot level ataeajbly language drivers tultable for 6600, 6SQ1, 6602. 6«0J, 
6606 and 6699 are aupolfed In the fora ot I if I Ingt. i toaplale back to 
bach l*ftt pragraa la else aupptteo tn lha fora of a Mating, theie 
driven hMf been a.tentlvtty lotted and ere CLUDIANTftR ta uork. 

Single $-30 board (4, 6 or 16 adttreeiee oar POM), tulip io<t*ted, gold 
plated but connectora and IEEE Interface cable etteefel?. 



PRICES 

0-»« (MOT ILH only] f 75.00 

«J>CI (MOT P:(i •»!,] t n.»o 

IMACE (MOT rCEt Wly) ................ f 91.00 

»S«5 IIUI riu only) , t 96.00 

fl.lt (MOT ILEI only) 1190.00 

•f (MOT Mt only) l?«.O0 

lECC-iU allli UEC-tU <Wlf nitiklr t29I.D0 

UM»-II/U .It. on* v«rf1on of soltM.r. (no tabt. or iFit.rfcc.) ,. 1)95.00 

UMOrt-H/C t. Mk> v . but l^lttl Htlh lALf Mid 5-50 Int.rf.t. ....1545.00 

C.FM.E 5' t.f.l-A-fl.t SO «.r i«Ol. w(t. IPC (QMCIOM ...... J 35.00 

I-JO 1KT 51-10 InttrlK. («r IftK-ll tlJO.OO 

IKK 1HT rtotOToK EWUBlJI (CI0tttWr> lnt.r<«f for imOr>-II ... >1V5.00 

U..O. SFT sltviri drlv.rt l» 2nd o..r.l(na |> t l... 

Sptctfy MX or 059 HMD dlit %ift S 15,00 

l>M0n ikt Miiaaaly Ltnou.ot tourc. (cont.ll ut dlr.nl 

ill film lucid.! hi ■ » i l mini 

!•«•: CH0. firwl of InCI Montr Ord**. VEU or fUlTt^C.H .Lie .ccfflid. 

WC STOCK THE RXiiMraO COMfHUaZS PWOOOCTS: 

CMMX. SS8. FML, MtCHOWARE TSC, LUCOATA. LLOVO I/O, 
A AlPOnTJ A ASSOCIATES. 

till (t.) 1. . IfriMtrk of f.chnlc.L lyitH. Cenbull^il., 05-9 II. 1 I. . 
IrioiHrl of dlirowir. lyim. Corporitlnn, itpOt it.) V4 EkOfcft.r (td) 
**•. tr.d.o.fL. of Hocoral* tncorpor.lM. 



WORSTEAD LABORATORIES, NORTH WALSHAM, 
NORFOLK, ENGLAND. NR26 9SA. 

TEL : 44 (692) 404086 
TLX: 975548 WMrCRO G 



'66' Micro Journal 



61 




THE 6809 "UNIBOARD"™ 
SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 

PERFECT FOR COLLEGES. OEM'S. INDUSTRIAL 
AND SCIENTIFIC USES! 

64K RAMI DOUBLE DENSITY 
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER! 



A 



"^ 



eiuf 



BLANK PC BOARD 



$ 99 



95 



WITH PALS, AND 
TWO EPROMS. 

FOR S-1/4 OR 8 INCH 

SOURCE DISKETTE 

ADD $10. 




$289 00 

COMPLETE KIT1 
FULLY SOCKETED. 



PRICE 
CUT!! 



>- at 

< Ui 
o O 



3 z 
OO 
u. i 

It 



(D uj 

(A Lk_ 

!1 

<D 



THE COMPACTA UNIBOARD 7 ": Through special arrangement with COMPACTA INC., we are 
proud to have been selected the exclusive U.S. Mfg. of their new 6B09 UNIBOARD" COMPUTER 
KIT. Many software professionals feel that the 6809 features probably the most powerful 
Instruction set available today on ANY 8 bit micro. Now, at last, all of that Immense computing 
power Is available at a truly unbelievably low price. 



YOUR CHOICE OF POPULAR 
DISK OPERATING SYSTEMS: 

FLEX- from TSC $149 

OS9" from Mlcroware $199 

Specify 5-1/4 or 8 Inch 



t/> 



UJ 



*i 



FEATURES: 

* 64K RAM using 4116 RAMS. 

* 6B09E Motorola CPU. 

* Double Density Floppy Disk Controller 
for either 5-1/4 or 8 Inch drives. Uses WD1793. 

* On board 80 x 24 video for a low cost console. 
Uses 2716 Char. Gen. Programmable Formats. 
Uses 6845 CRT Controller. 

* ASCII keyboard parallel input interface. (6522) 

* Serial I/O (6551) for RS232C or 20 MA loop. 

* Centronics compatible parallel printer Interface. 
(6522) 

* Buss expansion interface with DMA channel. 
(6844) 

* Dual timer for real time clock application. 

* Powerful on board system monitor (2732). 

Features commands such as Go To, Alter, Fill, Move, Display, or Test Memory. Also Read 
and Write Sectors. Boot Normal, Unknown, and General Flex". 



PC BOARD IS 
DOUBLE SIDED, PLATED THRU 
SOLDER MASKED. 11 x 11-1/2 IN. 



Digital Research Computers 

(OF TEXAS) 
P.O. BOX 461585 . GARLAND. TEXAS 7S046 . (214)225-2309 



TERMS: Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 6 weeks alter i 
receive your order VISA. MC, cash accepted Add $4 00 shipping 
USA AND CANADA ONLY 



62 



'68' Micro Journal 



64K SS-50 STATIC RAM 



& 



t0 > 



& 



*$<* 



$ 159 



00 

(4SK KIT) 



N £ty, 



■ • ■ * 



*- * * + 






mM 



<a 






^ 



* * ■ * 

2*-. * • * 




BLANK PC BOARD 

WITH DOCUMENTATION 

$45 



SUPPORT IC* + CAPS - $18.00 
FULL SOCKET SET - $15.00 



ASSEMBLED AND TESTED ADD $50 
FEATURES: 

• Uses new 2K x 8 (TMM 2016 or HM 6116) RAMs. 

• Fully supports Extended Addressing. 

• 64K draws only approximately 500 MA. 



S6K 
64K 



$189 
$219 



200 NS RAMs are standard. {TOSHIBA makes TMM 2016s as fast as 100 NS- FOR 

YOUR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS.) 

Board is configured as 3-1 6K blocks and 8-2K blocks (within any 64K block) 

for maximum flexibility. 

2716 EPROMs may be installed anywhere on Board. 

Top 16K may be disabled in 2K blocks to avoid any I/O conflicts. 

One Board supports both RAM and EPROM. 

RAM supports 2MHZ operation at no extra charge! 

Board may be partially populated in 16K increments 



16K STATIC RAMS? 



CLOSE OUT SPECIAL 

WE HAVE DROPPED OUR 32K SS-SO STATIC 
RAM BOARD WHICH USED 2114 LOW POWER 
RAMS. WE WILL SELL THE REMAINING 
STOCK OF BLANK PCB'S WITH OATA FOR 
117.50 EA. THESE FORMERLY SOU) FOR ISO. 



The new 2K x 8. 24 PlN. static RAMs are the next generation of high density, high 
speed, low power. RAMs Pioneered by such companies as HITACHI and 
TOSHIBA, and soon to be second sourced by most major U.S. manufacturers, 
these ultra low power parts, feature 2716 compatible pin out. Thus fully 
Interchangeable ROM/RAM boards are at last a reality, and you get BLINDING 
speed and LOW power thrown in for virtually nothing 



TERMS: Add Jf 00 postage We pay balance Order under J|5 add 75« 
Handling No C O O We accept Visa and MasterCharge Ten Res add 5* 
Tax Foreign orders (except Canada) add 20% P* H Orders ovei 150 add 
85c for insurance 



Digital Research Computers 

(OF TEXAS) 
P.O. BOX 461585 • GARLAND, TEXAS 75046 • (214) 235-2309 



'68' Micro Journal 



63 



DISKETTES AND 680X SOFTWARE 



SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLER EACH S99-FLEX, $101 -OS/9, S100-UNIFLEX 

Intefenivotv gmaiiw wn on 8 to* wltJi labele. Incfudaa ml. label deftolfkoo. binary Me •dittos, ate. 
aujectty SoUO. 1.2.1.5,8*11*12 vwsien or Z-eTVaTaiVW wugn 

(OBJECT ONLY) EACH S50-FLEX & OS/9. S49-COCO DOS 

COCO OOC e»allet4e In M00.1 J.J.S.t.i/lSCZ mm only 

CROSS-ASSEMBLERS EACH S50-FLEX, $55-OS/9. S60-UNIFLEX. ALL $100 

aparlfv tor taBO/l. CKB. MM. HO, or IDazV4aVM 

OS/1 «niM reouirm Uauvwere HU or Lloyd OSM iwn nnwitor 

IIO mU raaewoa TtC *SMS or Ftfl. ASM or OtM MOI MIIBbUr 

DEBUGGING SIMULATORS EACH $75-FLEX, $100-OS/9, $80-UNIFLEX 

NMciiy noo/i, Ian/nan. smb. » (saos os/a oniyi 

oblecl only lor COCO r\£X and COCO OS/S ueor»: ISO HtH 

6502 TO 6809 ASSEMBLER TRANSLATOR $75-FLEX, $85-OS/9, $80-UNIFLEX 

tr«*»l«t«* ISO? prO©f#»n* td OO0. noting Inaun ttwn»ra>Llw» 

6800 TO 6809 & 6809 PIC TRANSLATORS $50-FLEX, $75-OS/9, $60-UNIFLEX 

trenalatee MOO srogreme to MM. MM leowaiiie to *K 

FULL-SCREEN FLEX AND UNIFLEX TSC XBASIC PROGRAMS FOR 6809 



Iwith complete euroor control) 
OtSPlAV OCNCIIATOfVDOCUMENTOfl 
MJUUNO LIST SVSTfM 
INVtNTOHV WITH MM 
TASULe, MSA WiMHIfl 



ISO w/eource, S2S without 
S100 w/eoorce, SSO wllnout 
tlOO w/eourco. SSO wtrtout 
S100 w/iourca. SSO wltrleel 



DISK UTILITY PROGRAM LIBRARY $50-FLEX 

edit tftok aartnrm. tori drnattory, Maintain motor catalog, etc. (naavJroa TtC <BAS*C) 

CMODEM PROGRAM (OBJECT ONLY) $50-FLEX 8t OS/9 & UNIFLEX 

provldoe menu-drtvon telemmmualcatlem locllltiot. >»rth rtrmlr.il mode, ue/dewn load. MOOCM7 pntocaj. ale 

5.25" SOFT-SECTORED DISKETTES EACH SET OF 10 $14-SSDD, $17-DSDD 

•Jltn lyvue Jadieu, Dub ring*. leOele 



i eourea on dla* wd*, caantxiter. dra* attd. operating eirau**. 

Contact CSC lor full catalog aad deeler uiforntaiioa 

3SH diacount for multiple ourcftaeee of aarna pfograw on tame frrdoa. 

For VISA and MASTER CARD, cam account, axe. data, plana US lunda only. 

Add si. iniuBing no i nipping charge tor dukattoa in lota of 100. 

lUnMFLCX trademark Technical Sratema ConaultanU 0»V» trademark Mfcrewara. 



Computer Systems Consultants, Inc. 

1454 Latta Lane, Conyers, GA 30207 

Telephone Number 404-483-1717/4570 



SOFTWARE. 
HARDCORE 



" FORTH PROGRAMMING TOOLS Irom Ihe 68XX&X " 
•• FORTH specialists— gel the bestll " 

NOW AVAILABLE — A variety of rom and disk FORTH systems to 
run on and/or do TARGET COMPILATION tor 

6800. 6301/6801, 6809. 68000. 6080. Z80 

Wnle or call lor information on a special system to lit your require- 
ment 

Standard systems available lor these hardware — 

EPSON HX-20 rom system and target compiler 

6609 10m syslems tor SS-50, EXORCISER. STD. ETC 

COLOR COMPUTER 

6800/6609 FLEX or EXORCISER disk syslems. 

68000 rom based systems 

68000 CP/M-66K disk syslems. MODEL 11/12/16 

1FORTH is a relined version ol FORTH Interest Group standard 
FORTH, tasler than FIG-FORTH FORTH is both a compiler and 
an interpreter It executes orders of magnitudes faster lhan intar- 
pretive BASIC. MORE IMPORTANT, CODE DEVELOPMENT 
AND TESTING is much, mix* faster than complied languages 
such as PASCAL and C. II Software DEVELOPMENT COSTS are 
an imporlani concern lor you. you need FORTH! 

firmFORTH " is lor ihe programmer who needs 10 squeeze the 
most into rom s. It is a professional programmer s tool for compact 
rommable code for controller applications 

- iFOATH and nrmFOATH e>e tredenarij ol Tetxy Mosiycuxo 
o FLEX to a trademark 0" Tecfinco) Syeuern Coaaeura. ex 
* C?U4BKe>* edema* o«D«aal Hhm» Inc 



tFORTH® 

from TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS 
NEW SYSTEMS FOR 
6301/6801, 6809. and 68000 



— > tFORTH SYSTEMS <— 

For alt FLEX systems. GIMIX. SWTP, SSB. or EXORcisor Specily 
5 or 8 inch diskette, hardware type, and 6800 or 6609 

" tFORTH — extended tig FORTH {l disk) $100 ($15) 

with fk) line editor. 
" tFORTH + — more' (3 5* or 2 6' disks) $250 ($25) 

adds screen editor, assembler, extended dala types, utjhbes. 

fames, and debugging aids 
RS-B0 COLORFORTH — available from The Micro Works 
•• firm FORTH — 6609 onty. S 350 <* 10 ' 

For larget compilations to rommable code. 
Automatically deletes unused code. Includes HOST system 
source and targel nucleus source No royalty on taigets. Re- 
quires but does not include tFORTH + . 
" FORTH PROGRAMMING AIDS — elaborate decornpiler $150 

"• tFORTH lor HX-20, in 16K roms for expansion unit or replace 
BASIC $170 

" tFORTH/68K for CP/M-68K 8' disk system $290 

Makes Model 1 6 a super software development system 

" Nautilus Systems Cioss Compiler 

— Requires: IFORTH + HOST + at least one TARGET: 

— HOST system code (6809 or 68000 ) $200 

— TARGET source code: 6800-$200. 6301/6601— $200 
same plus HX-20 extensions— $300 

6809— $300, 8080/Z80— $200. 68000-^350 

Manuals available separately — price m ( ) 
Add $6. system for shipping. $15 for foreign air 



TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS 1927 Curtis Ave.. Redondo Beach, CA 90276 (213, 376 9941 



64 



'66' Micro Journal 



!!! FREE !!! 



Published Monthly by Computer Publnhin*. Inc., HixMtn. TIN. 



$1.95 




Bulk Rate 

U.S. ftsatage 

PAID 

Cnattanooga, TM 

Permit Wo. 3S7 



(Mnr Mxtro Snurnal 



The Color Compulrr Monthly Magazine 



$1.95 pw 



Vol. 1, tone 2 October, 1983 



THIS N THAT 



The BE B*9E this north is that CbV9 has 
finally arrived for the Color cutter. 
The ASTOONDDK: part of the radio Shack 
OS-9 Package, besides the price , is the 
mma mai . TOU 'Old Tine Radio Shack 
Followers' will not believe what you see. 
Jon Shirley >ias been telling us that the 
main reason for the "lack" of 
documentation with a lot of their 
products was the restrii^iona placwi <mi 
releasing t>iat information by Nonft; I 



OS-9 on the COLOR COMPUTER 



One of the "Operating Systems of the 
Future" is now avallnhiw for the "little 
old Color Computer": OS-9. Freely 
translated, OS-9 means "Operating System 
for the 6809" IOS-9 is now being written 
for the 68BBB, also). Since it is fairly 
obvious that UNIX and "UNIX-Type" 
operating Systems will be naming on just 
about every computer to core out in the 
nett few years, a whols new language is 
beginning to appear on the horiaon. 



06-9j the Package 



We had been running a preliminary 
of OS-9 on the Color tWfuter for a few 
weeks, and received the "official Radio 
Shack" version for Review a couple of 
days ago. To put it mildly, this package 
is MPRB5SXVKJ For $69.95 (Radio Shack 
Catalog Niadber 26-3030), you receive a 9 
1/2* x 7 5/8" x 2" package contain!^ 4 



FREE SAMPLE ISSUE 

1-800-338 6800 

MON.-FRI. 9-5 E.S.T. 
TeLEX J5» 411 PVT BTH 

USA-$12.50 per year. Canada* Mexrco-$ 19.50 per year 
Surface Foreign- $24.50 per year. Airmail Foreign-$48.50 per year 

fllolor iMtrrn 3Jnimtal M 

TM Color Micro Journal is a trademark of Computer Publishing Inc. 



5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 



Hixson.TN. 37343 



'68' Micro Journal 



66 



6809 word Processing system 




6809 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 




EXPANSION HARDWARE FOR 
THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER 



XPNOR1 

CoCo Expander Card 

Gold edge connector plugs into 
the CoCo cartridge connector 
Signals are labeled on the bot- 
tom (wire side) with groundand 
power buna, plated through 
holes The 4 3-62 inch glass/ 
epoxy card is drilled lor iCsand 
components The linest bare 
breadboard (or your CoCo In- 
cludes S page Appttettton Norm 
to help you get started 

$19.95 each or 2 for $36 



SuperGuidc " 

Precision molded plastic insert 
designed specifically to align 
and support printed circuit 
cards in the CoCo cartridge slot, 
an unbreakable removable card 
guide Patent Pending 

$3.95 each 

Available now from 
BOX 30807 SEATTLE. WA 98(03 



our EPROM PROGRAMMER with the field. 

A, l (tat* t«)c«n itrrt- ly fr.m rnrmrMnuraii currant •Hrr- inimj, Wv«n, 
srftvrfALW*. or pMeOMlity m.tulaa emy 4 Lso lv rvguirwl at *UUlcrwl txm% . 



TriPl* volt*?* inr»i l . I -. I _ I _ 

«UTPLt«l In kit fom [ A | 8 | C | D 



INTERFACE 




S30 


INTELLIGENT 




NO 


PROGRAMS 




J704. 






ssoe 




• 


270*. 






2 758 






2sis 






27ia 






2716. 






2S32 






2732 






2732A 






2se« 






2784 






2S28 






27128 






2818 






88784 






8748 






874 a 






TOTAL 




PRICE 


ll!i 









PAR 


PAR 


SER 


S30 


SER 


SER 


NO 


NO 


YES 


NO 


YES 


YES 


• 
• 
• 


• 


• 

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 




• 

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 


• 

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 


1 


12 


e 


11 


11 


11 


145- 


i tea 


llBfl 


S37S 


S489 


SSFs 



ffWW aw. f^trjiwntr, fl». Pwtmituy •bill* ft* 2X6. 2756. 25)**, wi 
JTl* u-. liAtod. 9|v:irv Q*J. diafc iim, and cajwrntlnj rrst» fTW + * fux «* 
SKK'ai iirJ «afMn 'tlrnrti Nafial cnlV. HO) tv<V**febl* with entW purT*\Mht). 

UNITEK ■ P.O. Box 671 ■ Emporia, VA 23847 



66 



'68' Micro Journal 



'68' MICRO JOURNAL 

if The only ALL 6800 Computer Magazine. 
if More 6800 material than all the others com- 
bined: MA q AZ | NE COMPARISON 
(2 years) 
Monthly Averages 

6800 Article* TOTAL 

KB BYTE CC DOBB'S ' PAGES 

7.8 6.4 2.7 2.2 19.1 ea. mo. 

Average cost for all four each month: $e.S3 

(Based on advertised 1-year subscription price) 

68 cost per month $2.04 

That's Right 1 Much. Much More 

for About 

i/3 the Cost' 

OK. PLEASE ENTER MY SUBSCRIPTION 

Bill My: Master Charge □ — VISA □ 

Card *r Exp. Date 



For □ 1-Year □ 2 Years Q 3 Years 

Enclosed: S 

Name 



Street. 
City. 



State 



_Zip„ 



My Computer Is: 



68 Micro Journal 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hlxson, TN 37343 



SUBSCRIPTION RATES 



USA 
1 Year $24.50, 2 Year $42.50. 3 Year $64.50 

•FOREIGN SURFACE Add $12.00 per Yoar to USA Price 

•FOREIGN AIRMAIL Add $36.00 per Year to USA Price 

••CANADA 4 MEXICO Add $5.50 per Year to USA Price 
Cash <USA) or drawn on a USA Banklll 




W^J^m^ 




STAR-DOS LEVEL I 

Whenever a new DOS is introduced, ihere's 
always the problem of developing software to 
work with it. So we did it the opposite way — we 
analyzed the requirements of software that 
already exists and developed a DOS that met 
them... and exceeded them! The result is STAR 
DOS Level I, a new DOS for 6809 systems, ideal 
for single-user industrial, control, and advanced 
hobbyist applications. This includes SS 50 
systems and single-board computers from a 
variety of vendors. 

Level I is compatible with most current 6809 
hardware and software On the hardware side, ii 
allows up to ten floppy or Winchester drives with 
appropriate controllers. On the software side, it 
runs existing 6809 software from all the major 
6809 software suppliers, including TSC, Star- 
Kits, Introl, and others. 

Write or call for more information. STAR 
KITS Software Systems Corporation. P.O. Box 
209, Mt. Kisco N.Y. 10549 (914) 241 0287. 




jar-Kits" 



ANDERSON COfVmt CONSULTAMTS 

& 

Associates 



Ron Anderson, respected author and columnist 
for 68 MICRO JOURNAL announces the Anderson 
Computer Consultants & Associates, a con- 
sultlng firm dealing primarily In 68XX(X> 
software design. Our wide experience In 
designing 6809 based control systems for 
machine tools Is now available on a 
consultation basis* 

Our experience Includes programming 
machine control functions, signal analysis, 
multi-axis servo control (CNC) and general 
software design and development. We have 
extensive experience In Instrumentation and 
analysis of specialized software. We support 
all popular languages pertaining to the 6809 
and other 68XX(X) processors- 

If you are a manufacturer of a control or 
measuring package that you believe could 
benefit from efficient software, write or call 
Ron Anderson. The fact that any calculation 
you can do with pencil and paper, can be done 
much better with a microcomputer. We will be 
happy to review your problem and offer a 
modern, state-of-the-art microcomputer 
solution. We can do the entire Job or work 
with your software or hardware engineers. 

Anderson Computer Comsiitfbfrrs & Associates 

3540 Stta-brltfoa. Ooart 

Aim Arbor. Ml 49105 



'66' Micro Journal 



67 



THROW THE BOOKS AWAY . . . 

ALL of them. 

Introducing NuBASE . . . the uncomplicated 
Data Base System from the JBM Group. 



NuBASE is a DB manager so versatile that you can 
use it to do what Y#U want with your data. It's not 
complicated or overbearing; in fact it's so easy to use, 
you'll be up and running virtually in minutes. 
Simple user-specified masks insure data 
accuracy. Data integrity is assured through 
the use of completely crashproof software. 
See what you're doing through the 
interactive generation of files, screens and 
reports. 



JBM's NuBASE is as affordable as it is 
complete. There's nothing "else" to buy. . . 
SI 50 brings you the comprehensive package, 
including a ready-to-use mailing list 
application to get your NuBASE 
working for you on day one. 

The computing power of NuBASE is 
limited only by the capacity of your 
hardware. 





cirrtnlly avaUobte for OS-9 Level II 

For more information or to place an order, contact: 



Dept. 68 14 

The JBM Group, Inc. 
Continental Business Center 
Front & Ford Streets 
Bridgeport, PA USA 19405 
TEL: 215-337-3138 
TWX: 510-660-3999 



rtfTgfl 



group 



PA re*, add 6% sales tax. 

US orders, add 15.00 postage and handling. 



'68' Micro Journal 




DYNAMITE* 



"THE CODE BUSTER" 

disassembles any 6809 or 6800 
machine code program Into beautiful source 

• Learn to program like trie experts! 

• Adapt existing programs to your needs! 

• Convert your 6800 programs to 6809! 

• Automatic (ABEL generation. 

• Allows specifying FCBs, FCCs. FOBS, etc. 

• Constants Input from DISK or CONSOLE. 

• Automatically uses system variable names 

• Output to console, printer, or disk file. 

• Available for all popular 6809 operating systems 

Flex 1 " S100 per copy; specify S or 8 diskette. 
OS-9™ S150 per copy; specify 5 or*? diskette. 
uniFLEx™ SSOO per copy; 8" diskette only. 

For a free sample disassembly that'll convince 
you dynamite + is the world's best disassembler, 
send us vour name, address, and the name of 
your operating system. 

Order your DYNAMITB+ today! 

See vour local dynamite + dealer, or order di- 
rectly from CSC at the address below, we accept 
telephone orders from 10 am to 6 pm, Monday 
through Friday. Call us at 314-576-5020. Your VISA 
or MasterCard Is welcome. Orders outside North 
America add $5 per copy. Please specify diskette 
size for FLEX or 05-9 versions. 

Foreign Dealers: 

Australia & Southeast Asia: order from Paris 
Radio Electronics. 161 Bunnerong Road <PO Box 
380) Kingsford, 2032 NSW Australia. Telephone: 

02-344-9111. 

United Kingdom: order from compusense, Ltd., 

PO Box 169, London N13 4HT. Telephone: 

01-882-0681. 

Scandinavia: order from Swedish Electronics hk 

AB, Murargatan 23-25, Uppsala S-754 37 Sweden. 

Telephone: 18-25-30-00. 



computer systems center 

13461 Olive Blvd. 

Chesterfield, MO 63017 

1314)576-5020 



% 



uniFLEX software prices Include maintenance 

for the first year. 

DYNAMIll + Is a trademark of Computer Systems Center. 

fua ana untfUX Jr» mocmara at TX 
OH it a cuoemjrt of Micn»*jn tna Motonx*. 

Dealer Inquiries welcome. 



OS9 

APPLICATION 
SOFTWARE 



ACCOUNTS 
PAYABLE 

| $349 

ACCOUNTS 
RECEIVABLE 



GENERAL 

LEDGER 

with 

CASH 

JOURNAL 



PAYROLL 

$549 

SMALL 
BUSINESS 

$349***** $349 

COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION $19.95 

0S9 & BASIC 09 ARE TRADEMARK OF 
MICROWARE. INC. & MOTOROLA CORP 



SPECIALTY 
ELECTRONICS 



(405) 233-5564 
2110 W. WILLOW - ENID, OK 73701 





poweflruL color c aphics 

Uiet tna na« TMSMtSA v.dao Or» 
play procator High revolution 750 * 

• 97 pi«at diipJay with I i colon 1 8K 
8ytn 0* on board RAM eto*a not radvea 
uw i f n*a » 37 g>apn< imagt a can 
6* avjnftdualfy m»M wnth timplt X-V 
ecanmanOi 10* tmooih animation 
Extamatvidw input alum (ubiitiing 
NTSC compoa l« vidao output 
SOUND EFFECTS AND MUSIC 
mTtvn AV3 6B10 Programmable 

Sound Generator* 

• Nine umullinaoul vc»ei 

• Three mOmfmnamnt (too* apurcea 

• Onhne rd alereo amOMrer drivea two 
6 ohm ■paekara 

AOQITIQflAL I/ O CAPABILITIES 

• Eight analog moult with fl tut teio- 
lutum 

• Supgo/u tou' lOvateAs with cumov t 
tonsvrifcnee 

a Eibm »i paraaet VO poo 

• Enhra unit mapa mto 2S6 bylei of 
mamoiv 



TERMINUS DESIGN INC. m eontunc- 
lioA«>lh Mrcroware SyalemeCorpoia- 
liOA II proud to announce FBAStC an 
enltancomenf of MJcroware'a 680Q/ 
BASIC Their taal compiled BASIC na> 
been adapt ad lor BS09 u iar » 1h added 
video and iou nd lealu'el tor ARCADE 
SO uura F BASIC n a Hue aompilec 
Inal produce* optimized mectwne lan- 
guage modubra mtm n are RC*Aabfcr and 
'•Quite no Run. tima package F BASIC 
reo.u,roa laaa memory overhead and 
runt hundrada of titnai latlar than 
BASIC interpreter* It auppona nan 
dard BASIC intlrucbon including 
Sfnng tuncMma Oak WO and Mat rtege. 
arithmelc wnfh mutuaa* praoaion cape- 
tMiitvGraphc* verba and (unction* tufty 
tuooon in* Arcade SO 



ARCADE SO aaaemblad and lailad 
Video and Audio connector aal 
* Joystick connector tat 
i Radio Snack joyatcu 
Gold Mote*" connector! 

a. basic tot eaoo 

FBAStC lor BSOfl 

F BASIC Ivilh ARCADE SOI 

ARCADE SO RGB 

LABVIDEO [Motorola EXORbual 

NEW MV09 6809 Processor Boa/d 

2S6K Dynamic Memory Boaid 

7S6KOyn*miC Memory Bowd I Woe K> 

64K Dynamic Memory Board 



137SOO 

1S00 
IS0O 
24 00 
1700 
11000 
I 1000 

rsoo 

37SO0 
22S0O 

rssoo 

39S00 
Z95 00 



IIIW l AXll \h.« ut 



TERMINUS DESIGN INC 
16 SCARBROUCH ROAD 
ELLENWOOD. CA 3004* 

,,„ (4041 474-4866 



•68' Micro ,,oumal 



CORN ff 



COMPUTED 



i 



Mi .cfzl • 



moous - bui cuds - kits - Assntsum a TESTED 

Stukabl* Modal** KIT AUT 

30 •■*> power SUPPLY »/r»* 

*/Dl*k protact r*l*r 350.00 400.00 

Dill CABINET »/!-•(*. 1 cablaa 

l**a DEIVSS 300.00 350.00 

K0TKXB BOABD. S 88-SOc, ■ 88-SOc 

KM I battoa 333.00 335.00 

It.. Bar* KIT A*T 

ITS - IIHTBBO T TIMBB 

1. 10. 100 par aac. 19.95 38.85 38.95 
PB4 - imCLLIGIKT port Borrcs 

Stasia board co*t>ut .39.93 114.93 139.93 
DPI A - Dutl PI* paraltal port. 

4 tniffarad I/Oa 34.93 69.93 19.93 

XASE - Ext**d*d Addraaala« 

BAUD cm. PIA port 39.93 S9.93 19.93 
MBS - tfOTBTn BOAKO SS-SOc 

w/BAUD ( *n. 64.93 149.93 199.93 

PUS - 1681 PBOH DISK 

31, 3764 KPBOU* 39.93 79.93 109.93 

FDSB - rinuri davalopaaat 

3. BE block* 39.93 S4.93 114.93 

XKPR - 3764 PROM buraar adtpt. 

for 3716 BDBXER 19.93 

CBSRRT larboard */C*blo*t 

96 l*T C»p»clti»* 349.95 

TAIAR 13". IB tfbl MOKITOR 0R1KR 148.95 

AMBER — 139.83 

4 MODOLB CABINET - uaflalabad 130.00 

POWER 30 PLY v/dlak protact 330.00 

♦♦♦♦♦♦ HM » M '« M » MM »f| 

Color Computer 

MDROlin - 30 Ww Uoaocbroa* 

Tld*o drlvar 15.00 30.00 

CC30 POST BOS */po**r aupplr 

5 88-30. 3 Cart 169.95 199.85 

P08IB BOX 6 **ltcb*d outlat* 

tr*a*l*at *uppr***lo* 38.85 38.95 

BS-333 3-*>ltcb*d port* 

for *bOT* ADD .30.00 +35.00 

Write (or'VflEE Catalog 

ADD SI. 00 Sin Pf« ORDER 
WIS. ADD J SALES TAX 



11931 W. Bluemound Road 
MILWAUKEE, WIS. 53226 
(414)257-0300 



68* MICRO JOURNAL 
ADVERTISERS INDEX 



•68' MICRO JOURNAL 47,67 

AAA CHICAGO COMPUTER CENTER 36.37 

ACORN COMPUTER SYSTEMS .70 

ANDERSON COMPUTER CONSULTANTS 67 

COLCR MICRO JOURNAI 65 

COMPILER EVALUATION SERVICES 52 

CXM'UTER PUBL ISHING INC 5,50 

COMPUTER SYSTEMS CENTER 60,69 

COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC. ...64 

DATA-COMP IBC 

DIGITAJ. RESEARCH COMPUTERS 62.63 

GIMIX, INC 3,72 

GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO 66 

HAZELW000 COMPUTER SYSTEMS 08C 

I MTEC EQUIPMENT INC 51 

INTROL CORP 53 

JBM 68 

LLOYD I/O 52 

LSI ENTERPRISES LTD 52 

MICROWARE SYSTEMS CORP 1,4 

PERIPHERAJ. TECHNOLOGY 71 

ROBOTIC MICROSYSTEMS 66 

SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING 6,7 

SOinU EAST MEDIA 54.55,56,57,58,59 

SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS INC. ...IFC 

SPECIALTY ELECTRONICS 69 

STAR-K ITS 67 

TAJ.BOT MICROSYSTEMS 64 

TERMINUS DESIGN, INC 69 

UNITEK 66 

WESTCHESTER APPLIED BUSINESS SYSTEMS .71 
WIHDRUSH MICRO SYSTEMS LIMITED 61 



This Index Is provided as a reader service. The 
publisher does not assume any liability tor 
omissions or errors. 



70 



68" Micro Journal 



PT69 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SYSTEM 
OS-9 NOW AVAILABLE 




The proven PT69 Single Board Computer now features OS- 
9 capability Powerful performance, reliability. • OS-9 — 
UNBE ATABLEi The PT69 is a complete system in a compact 
package 

• 1 MHZ 6B09E Processor 

• 2 RS232 Serial Ports (6850) 

• 2 8-Bit Parallel Ports (6621 ) 
•S6K RAM 4K EPROM 

• Time-of-Day Clock (MC146B1B) 



Pictured 
System with Orives/Syslem without Drives 



• COMPLETE SYSTEM with PT69 Board. 2 
DS/00 SV.~ 40 Track Drives. Cabinet, and 
Power Supply 
' PT 69 Board, Assembled and Tested, with 

Power Supply • Cabinet 
' PT69. Assembled and Tested Board 
' Parallel Printer interface with cables 
' OS-9 LI. includes edit. asm. • debug 
' STAR-DOS Level 1 (Compatible wilh Flex) 



5999 95 



S399 95 

$299.95 
S 4995 
5 250 00 
S 75 00 



PERIPHERAL TECHNOLOGY 

"Supplying Your Computer Needs Since 1978" 

3670 Lower Roswell Road 

Marietta, Georgia 30067 

VISA/MASTERCARD/CHECK/COD 404/973-0042 

'"OS-9 it a »f tdtmark ol Miccowore and Motorola 
'"FLEX It a Iridamith; ol Technical Sy»»m*Conti»>rinl» 



XDMS 

Data Management System 



JtDM9 n«t. M4»rr mm»nt Bymtatm 

fh# IDHS D»r* K*n*g«*>*M S T *tt* i« A**iiib|»? in thr*o t*v*j«. 



f DISPLAY | / INPUT f J 

ENTHV p* 



( MOIHG^— *-JV«TUM.£« 



r^y> 





lach 

■ ■vol Include* tho XDHS nuclou*. VMOEM utility in< 0ytt»m Oocinnafil *tion 
lor lo»»l III* IDHS n ono of tnA flail powerful *y*tom* Available lor 
*BO* [<Mfuliri and m*y t>* utotl for a wide viriily a' application*. IDMB 
Uttri an rtf uti'id in our dAtAbA*o 1o permit tKUidutlOO of Product 
«/wtBwnc*m*n1* And vil^l'lOn o' Vmr Uf>grad*t 4f<d main! enanc* raajuoat*. 



XDHS Le>ol 1 loititttt of DXTIXC, VPDATZ .nd REPORT duhh... 



Tft 



• I- 



sr lyxs 




9 f =(S 



System Architecture 

MESTCHEBTtR ApplLvd »uf> I n ■■ m •> S y • t • m » 

Po*t Office >oi 1*7 
Hnircli" Minor, H.T. 10910 



• rpor 1 inej of date an * 'labul «r" b<*it. The H (PORT facility tuppor t* 
'•cord JP.M fiold •■ !• fit on* f i eld met { ». tor t infl, line calculation*, 
column total* enid ffpOft Titling. Control it * u a 1 ngiitfi-lik* Unguigt 
nMCh 14 u(i M «rd CO*pallblO ■vi I h level U. ICH1 Level t . > . . . tl2«.fl9 

Level II add* to Leva! I tne powerful 6EXERATI lioUlf. Tim facility 
(in 6* thauf M of a* a gmnl file fM(H»«*or which t*n produce report •• 
form* And form letter* at will a* file outPul which »Ay bt rO-input lo 
tho I acidly, GENERATE may 0* u«*d in compltl proce**ir>g appl i(*t ion* 
and It controlled dy i EftSliah-llfed comntiid lanfluAdjA ^hien ar cornea** St 
Inal uaed by Level I. XEHS Lovet [[ it*t.*9 

APMS LofvfI III 

Lev*] II] lecluiet all of level 11 *lu* a •*! •« useful CHS Vtilitie*. 
Tna«* u'lltlie* are 1a*igr>e1 to Aid it *he tfe veldpotent And *lAintOP<Jft[* 
of our application* And per Ml I mt><l i * icai ton of XDHS tplt* p A> An* I Pr lit 
input pnd output of IDHS file** display Arid modnf ication of file format, 
graphic dt ftp I «y of rummcil eala Ann Other function!. , Level Iff I* 

Intended for Advanmod IDHS uifn. XDHS Le**l II! tl6«.?5 

XDHS Sy*iem DocutnanUttim only itlO. credit to-arc purchaser. . .t 2*.*5 

Tfio 1 *CC OonvrAl *CtOu«ting (y*t*a it diftlflnod fo* tmill Bul|o*t* 

•ftvironcifintt of **• to 10,000 accowa(« ind> in**ntory itmi. Tho tyttor* 
intoprAlO* Accounting function* And inventory pli/f. t h* tiniri] l«d|«r. 
Account* ro<»|vAt)l* And pAyobld function* normally told ft«pjfJta>]y In 
Oihir ftyftlortift. F«AturoA u*or (l»ftnod Account*, product* lor vorvicotii, 
t rontAction*, mvoic mg . die. E a inly cortf igurod lo mo*t an v ironmont t, 
X*CC D*«>«rAl Accounting 4y*lom lHo«Uirt)« XDHS. prof, Lv. Ill)* . »Jft.*5 
XACC Sytlora Documnt Dion only itlO. Credit toward purcli*«oi. • .1 ?4.*5 



WKBTC M EBT ER Applied Bu»lnd-*m« 8y*t-m* 
Pott 0"ico Sot 117, KriorcM'f Manor, H.T. 10)10 

All software It vrltton In Mcra/attcwAtBr and rum undor 6809 FLEX 0/S* 
Tvrait; Chexk, Woftay Ordor. Visa or Mo .tore *rge-. Shlpavjfit first cla«». 
Add PAH 12.90 t!J.*.0 ForoTanl. NY «•» add solas tax. Sptcffy 5' or a". 



Sao-, S. E. MEDIA. I 
FLEX Is a tr 



356-6*00. •ontuitatlofi; «14-fl«1-3}« <0V»nsl. 
0f Tocftnlcol svslean Com urtents. tr**- 



68' Micro Journal 



71 



GIMIX STATE OF THE ART 6809 SYSTEMS FOR THE SERIOUS USER. 




GIMIX hen I9MB or high performance 
47MB Winchester Drive Systems and/or 
Floppy DUk Drive Systems. 



rbr the ultimate in performance, the Unique GMX 6809 CPUID 
using either OS-9-GMXm or UniFLEX GMXEI (available shortly). 
gives protection to the system and other users from crashes 
caused by defective user programs, e.g. During program 
development, a programmer who crashes goes back to the 
shell or the debugger, while the other users are not even 
aware anything occurred. 



Ihe intelligent serial I/O processor boards signifi- 
cantly reduce system overhead by handling rou- 
tine I/O func- 
tions, there- 
by freeing up 
the host CPU for 
running user 
programs. This 
speeds up system per- 
formance and allows 
multiple terminals to be 
used at 19.2K baud. 



BASJWS wd OS-9 v» MJanwta of Worm Sysnq Cwu mo KOTDWXA Inc 
RfX and IWflEX m tnmmuts ottcfiriaJ Sysami connAna . lot 
GIMO. GHOST GMX. CLASSY CHASSIS. CT twfcnartj o< SIMIX. Inc 




Gimix 



inc. 




■a 

E 

For the user who appreciates the need for a 3 
bus structured system using STATIC RAM § 
and powered by a feno resonant constant 2 
voltage transformer: jg 

GIMIX has single user systems that can run * 
both FLEX and OS-9 or Multi user systems for 
use with UruFLEX or OS-9. 

GIMDC versions of OS9 and UniFLEX in- 
clude maintenance and support by Micro- 
ware (90 days) and TSC (1 year). Mainte- 
nance and support after this period 
are available at extra 
cost. 

(NOTE: this support and 
maintenance is only 
for use with approved 
GDvLTX hardware) 



GIMDC 6809 systems 
support live predominant 
operating systems 



OS-9 GMX III, 

OS 9 GMX II, 

UniFLEX, 

OS-9 GMX I, 

FLEX 

and a wide variety ot languages 
and development software 



/ Whatever your application; software 

/ development, instrumentation, process 

/ control educational scientific or business, 

whether you need single or multi-user 
capabilities GIMDC has hardware and the 
operating systems to get the job done 
reliably 

Please phone or write il you need further mlormation 



1337 WEST 37Ui PLACE • CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60609 • (312) 927-5510 • TWX 910-221-4055 



c l?S3 UHB Inc. 





y f^c*> 



C.P.I. 

Color Micro Journal 

'68' Micro Journal 

Data-Comp 

S.E. Media 




For OrdVtrlng Call TOLL FREE 

1-800-338-6800 



FROM - DATA-COMP, C.P.I. 



A Family of 100% 68XX Support Facilities 
The Folks who FIRST Put FLEX" on 

The CoCo 

Now Offering; ♦FLEX'" (2 Versions) 

AND "STAR-DOS PLUS+ "' 




STAR DOS PLUS + 

• Functions Same as FLEX 

• Reads - writes FLEX Disks 

• Run FLEX Programs 

• Just type: Run "STAR-DOS" 

• Over 300 utilities & programs 
to choose from. 




F 


TSC Editor 

H^waew 

NOW $35.00 


\ 


I 




) 



ALL VERSIONS OF FLEX 

+ Read-Write-Dir RS Disk 

+ Run RS Basic from Both 

+ More Free thirties 

+ Super 800 Support 

+ Free Color Micro Journal 1 yr. sub. 



PLUS 

& STAR-DOS* INCLUDE 

+ External Terminal Program 
+ Test Disk Program 
+ Disk Examine & Repair Program 
+ Memory Examine Program 
+ Many Many More!!! 



TSC Assembler 
NOW $35.00 



01 Sit SYSTEMS FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER 



THESE PACKAGES INCLUDE WIVE. "CONTROL l£R 
PPKER SUPPLY S CABINET. CAME. WD MANUAL 



SPECIF 1 tlHAT CONTROLLER TOO KANT JiM. OR RADIO SHAOt 



PAX <l - t SINGIE SIDED, DOUBLE DENSITY SYS. 
PAX tl - i SINGLE SIOED. DOUBLE DENSITY SYS. 
pax n - I O0V6LE SIOED. cots* DENSITY sts. 
PAX H - 7 DCUSlf SIOED. DOUBLE DENSITY STS. 
PAX #5 - ? DOUBLE SIOED, OOUBU DENSITY SYS. 
THINLIME DRIVES, HALF SIZE 

COLOR COMPUTER II 64K K/EXT. BASIC 



CONTROLLERS 



)tM DISK CONTROLLER W/ JDOS OR RADIO SHACK 
DISK BASIC. SPECIFY WHAT OISK BASIC. 



RADIO SHACK DISK CONTROLLER I.I 



DISK OKI »E CABLES 



CASE FOR ONE OR I YE 
CABLE FOR TVO DRIVES 



USA ADD 2% SHIPPING 
FOREIGN ADD 5% SHIPPING 

"FLEX is a TiaUvnidrit o( TectwlcJ Sysivm ConjuJtAnti 
•bTAR DOS ♦ n e TTfldcmar* oi STAR Ktli & Data C«mp 





NIBC 








64K UPGRADE WMDO. INSTWJCTIONS, 






, 


C.D.E.f , ANO COCO 2 




1 49.95 


SHAQt. 


MJL KEYBOARDS 




1 69.95 




NICRO TECH LOWER CASE ROM ADAPTER 




1 74.95 


J3S9.95 


RADIO SMACK BASIC 1 .2 




1 29.95 


1639.9? 


RADIO SHACK OISK BASIC 1.1 




1 29.95 


1439.95 


RADIO SHACK EXT. BASIC 




1 39.95 


S699.95 


SCREEN CLEAN CLEARS UP VIDEO DISTORT 


ON 


1 39.95 




MENOREX DISKS 5" SS.DD 




1 24.00 


(659.95 


SHIPPING INCLUDED ON DISK PRICES 








DISK DRIVE CABINET 4 POKER SUPPLY 




1 49.95 


ttB9.95 


SINGLE SIDED, DOUBLE DENSITY 5" DISK 


WIVE 


1199.95 




DOUBLE SIKO. DOUBLE DENSITY 5" DISK 


DRIVE 


1249.95 




PRINTERS 






1139.95 


EPSON RX-80 




S 325 .00 




EPSON RX-BOFT 




J375.00 


tl 34.95 


EPSON W-100 




J650.00 




EPSON FX-100 




1799.00 




EPSOll FX-BO 




J549.00 




EPSON KX-70 




J200.00 


1 19.95 








1 24.95 


SERIAL BOARDS FOR PRINTERS 








HX-JEHIES 




1119.95 




EX-SERIES 




1 99.95 



5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. Hixson, TN 37343 



68 Micro Journal 

5900 Cassandra Smith Rd. 

Hlxson.TN 37343 



Second Class Postage Paid 
At Chattanooga. TN 
ISSN 0194-5025 



2»o; 





4 



>*. 




) Megabyte dual processor HELIX"' system 
wrtti 20 Megabyte Winchester arm floppy disk drives. 



I 

,. • 

computer sv stems 

demonstrates its leadership In computer technology by 
delivering the only computer system capable of switching 
between either the 6809 or the 68000 processor. 
Switching Is easily accomplished by a simple Iron! panel 
toggle switch. The reason we can offer this exclusive 
feature now, is that when our proven 6809 processor 
board was designed several years ago, we had the 
foresight to include the bus controls that allow 
piocessor switching. 

Hazelwood Computer Systems Is also proud to be the first 
S-SOJS-64 bus manufacturer to license and deliver the 
OS9/88K Operating System from Mlcroware Systems 
Corporation. 0S9/68K is the 68000 version of the popular 
and powerful 0S9 Operating System. Utilizing our proven 
MC-20 disk controller, 0S9/68K can conveniently share a 
Winchester disk with 0S9. Changing from 6809 to B8000 
operation is as simple as switching processors and 
booting the new system from the Winchester disk. 

The ease of switching processors and operating systems 
makes a HELIX" dual processor system the natural 
choice for software development. In addition, the 
advanced design of HELIX" equipment, emphasizing 
performance and reliability, makes HELIX" boards and 
systems the best value in computing offered anywhere. 

System prices vary with configuration. Cat) tor exact pricing. 



THE SWITCH IS ON. . . 



mites a 68D08 

I ORDERS CP-M t0 4 M**" 5 u 

The MC-20 P*%| sus. ]» e *£ , t pottos DM l «" nurnM r. 
Zk drives W * "£«■ and S8K M ZuestS »« * m MMt efto*"""- 

W&Ba\* r Z 

J SIR: M c - 20 m+K»3g& 

.— .., -lectio 








HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS 

907 East Terra, O' Fallon, MO 63366, 314-281-1055 

OS» mo OS9«SK v* rsg^lerw mmnwriu of mcfow«« Syslcmi Com HELIX is » ndHUlt of Hsinlwoofl Compwin Syinnra 



~ HEUX